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What are some of the problems you see in prosecuting cyber-crime or -terrorism cases? Where, exactly, is "cyberspace?" How does a detective with...

The legal definition of cyber space is the same as the internet, according to Duhaime's Law Dictionary. Cyber space is a decentralized communications network. According to the Department of Justice document Prosecuting Computer Crimes (see the link below), the jurisdiction of a cyber crime is often determined to be at the federal level because it involves interstate commerce. As the report states,

In the context of computer crime, the inexorable connection between the Internet and interstate...

In the context of computer crime, the inexorable connection between the Internet and interstate commerce may sometimes be sufficient to satisfy the jurisdictional element of the statute at issue.

This means that if a detective uncovers a cyber crime or cyber terrorism, the case might have to be handed over to a federal entity, such as the FBI. Usually, if a computer used in the crime connects to the internet, that is sufficient grounds to substantiate that the case has interstate connections. In addition, the Patriot Act stated that acts that would constitute crimes in the jurisdiction of the U.S. can be prosecuted even if they are committed in foreign countries. That means prosecuting cyber crimes is not just like lassoing a cloud, as there are rules about jurisdiction that apply to these crimes.

Different states have different laws regarding cyber crime. For more information, see the state laws link below. Most state laws prohibit computer crimes, and different states require intentionality, meaning the crime is committed by intent. For example, in Massachusetts, computer crimes must be committed by intent. While states differ with regard to laws about cyber crimes, these crimes can be prosecuted under several different state laws or federal laws. Therefore, even if an act is not a crime in the state in which it was committed, it can be prosecuted in another state if the act is a crime in that state, or it may be prosecuted under federal law. Examples of cyber crimes include identity theft and hacking.

With regard to prosecuting these cases, the defendant generally must be tried in the state and district where the crime was committed. Still, even the Department of Justice report states, "applying the principles of venue to network crimes is not always a straightforward endeavor" (page 117). This is the problem in prosecuting cyber crime. The critical way to determine venue is to figure out where the crime was committed. For example, the report gives the example of a cyber crime case that began in California and used a router based in Arizona to break into a network in Illinois to get information in Kentucky. In this case, the prosecution could use the endpoints—California and Kentucky—or the states in the middle, as the venue for prosecuting the case, as venue can be “in any district in which [a continuing] offense was begun, continued, or completed" (page 118). To make a case for the venue being where the information passed through, the prosecutors should determine if the communications formed the offense. These are some of the considerations that go into determining if a specific detective has jurisdiction over a case.

What are examples of ethical communication?

In business communication, one often needs to make ethical choices about what information to provide and how to provide it. One way to understand this is to think about relevant ethical dilemmas or test cases.

Scenario 1: Your company is considering closing a factory in the United States and outsourcing production to Mexico. The earlier you inform workers of this decision, the more time they will have to find new positions, something obviously beneficial to them. Such early notification may also result in high employee turnover and low morale in the period immediately preceding the factory closure, though. When to tell workers of the impending plant closure is an example of an ethical issue in business communications.

Scenario 2: Imagine an engineer discovers a flaw in a part that might, under rare conditions, cause that part to fail. The engineer includes a mention of this possibility in a report. As a manager, you have the choice of highlighting the problem, causing a missed deadline and loss of revenue as the part is re-engineered, or you minimize the risks in your reports to upper management. This sort of failure of communication was a crucial element in the Challenger disaster.

Why is capital typically shown on the same side of the balance sheet as liabilities?

The question asks why capital is typically shown on the same side of the balance sheet as liabilities. Let’s start with a quick description of what the balance sheet is meant to convey. It is a point-in-time reflection of the best estimate of the value of the entity for which it is prepared. The basic concept is that the business is treated as a separate entity, and it has a legal or de facto claim on financial instruments, goods, and services with determinable values. These are its assets. On the other hand, other entities (people, other corporations, governments) have legal or de facto claims on the value of the entity. Claims held by entities other than the owners of the entity are called liabilities. Claims by the owners are called capital. With these definitions in mind, we can see that the balance sheet “balances” claims the entity has on others (“assets”) against claims others have on it (both “liabilities” and “capital”). Therefore, it is conventional to place assets on the left side of the sheet and both liabilities and capital on the right side.

Describe the relationship between the Native Americans and the English settlers at Jamestown.

The relationship between the Native Americans and the settlers at Jamestown was a mixed one. When the settlers first arrived, the Native Americans weren’t happy. They had a previous experience with the Spanish that was negative. Thus, they attacked the settlers when they first arrived.

However, the relationship eventually improved. The Native Americans offered the settlers food, and they were hospitable toward them. There was some trade between the settlers and the Native Americans.

Eventually,...

Eventually, the Native Americans began to believe that the English were no different than the Spanish. There were times when the English forcibly took food from the Native Americans when they couldn’t reach a trade agreement with them. The Native Americans also realized that the settlers intended to stay and generally wouldn’t marry the Native American women. The settlers also weren’t as hospitable toward the Native Americans as the Native Americans were toward them. As a result, the Native Americans began attacking the settlers again. They destroyed their crops and livestock. The settlers responded with attacks against the Native Americans. As the settlement expanded, the people began to take more land from the Native Americans. This also created more bad feelings between the sides. As a result, there generally was a hostile relationship between the Native Americans and the settlers.

How would you write five original poems about Chains by Laurie Halse Anderson?

I would first choose the type of poem that I might have a chance at writing. I'm not a great poet, so I would pick a poetry form that is fairly simple. For example, I would not be choosing to write Shakespearean sonnets about Chains. I do not think I am capable of writing 14 lines in iambic pentameter with ABABCDCDEFEFGG as the rhyme scheme.

I would choose something like a haiku. It's three...

I would choose something like a haiku. It's three lines long with a straightforward syllable count per line. Plus, a haiku doesn't have to rhyme.

The question states that you need to write five poems about the novel. I recommend writing acrostic poems because it is an incredibly simple format. An acrostic is defined as the following:

An acrostic poem uses the letters in a word to begin each line of the poem. All lines of the poem relate to or describe the main topic word.

There are plenty of words and characters available to use as the acrostic starting place. I would write one acrostic using Isabel's name. I would also use Ruth, Lady Seymour, Madam Lockton, and Curzon. I would consider writing an acrostic using the word "Chains" too.

What is the total energy needed to heat 1.0 L of water from 15°C to 98°C?

Hello!

This situation is relatively simple, because there is no phase change (no melting of ice, no vaporizing of water). Therefore the quantity of heat energy needed to raise water temperature is directly proportional to a temperature change.

The general formula is `Q = c*m*Delta T,` where `Q` is the quantity of heat added (or removed), `m` is the mass of a substance, `Delta T` is the temperature change (positive or negative) and `c` is...

Hello!

For water, `c approx 4.2 J/(g*C),` and one liter of water is about `1000 g.` Thus the energy needed is `4.2*1000*(98-15) approx 349 (J).` This is the answer.

That said, water has very high specific heat, almost ten times greater than that of iron, for example.

Why is it important for us to understand the geography of our country?

Geography has an impact on many events affecting a country including cultural, economical, and historical events. By understanding the geography of our country, you will be better able to understand some of the events that have affected our country.

One example that can be given deals with historical events. Many Americans were shocked when World War I began. Geography has helped us tremendously when it came to war. Prior to modern forms of travel and technology, the United States was isolated from many countries by the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. The oceans served as a barrier helping to protect us from attack and invasion. It was easier for the United States to remain neutral and to want to stay out of world affairs because of our geographical location. We didn’t have to deal on a daily basis with too many countries surrounding our country. This wasn’t the case in Europe. It also was easier for President Wilson to want to have a peace treaty that wasn't so harsh on the Central Powers. The leaders of the other Allied countries, whose countries were much closer to Germany and who feared Germany becoming strong again, wanted to punish Germany severely.

Another example is the location and the development of cities. Prior to modern forms of transportation, many cities developed along major rivers, and especially where two or more rivers merged. Factories had to be located near water prior to the development of the steam engine, and being located near a river made it easier to ship products.

A third example is the development of culture. The Native Americans were relocated to the Great Plains because that area was considered a great wasteland. For a period of time, the Native Americans were able to develop their culture and tribal practices in relative isolation because people thought this land was undesirable. Of course, once minerals were found in these areas and Americans began to move into these regions, all of that changed. The Native Americans were forced onto reservations, and their way of life was destroyed once again.

Understanding the geography of any country will allow a person to have a better understanding of many of the cultural, economical, and historical events that have occurred in that country.