What is a summary of Chapter 13 of Elijah of Buxton by Christopher Paul Curtis?

In Chapter 13, Elijah goes into Chatham to get the mail and finds out that the postman has had an “accident."  He is given a letter and a package, and is worried because the letter, which is for Mrs. Holton, will probably contain bad news. Elijah and his mom (and many other people in the town) dress in their best clothes and deliver the letter to Mrs. Holton.  When the letter is delivered, the reader...

In Chapter 13, Elijah goes into Chatham to get the mail and finds out that the postman has had an “accident."  He is given a letter and a package, and is worried because the letter, which is for Mrs. Holton, will probably contain bad news. Elijah and his mom (and many other people in the town) dress in their best clothes and deliver the letter to Mrs. Holton.  When the letter is delivered, the reader learns that John Holton was caught escaping and killed.  Mrs. Holton remains dignified despite the horrible news.  She tells the people that she already suspected her husband was dead.  Mrs. Holton thanks them and then invites everyone to share in the food brought by the townspeople.  At this point, both Mrs. Holton and Ma learn that they are from plantations very close to each other in Virginia.  There is great comfort for the two women in learning that they come from the same area of the country.  After the visit with Mrs. Holton, Ma walks home with Elijah and praises him for being strong and not “fra-gile.”  Elijah feels tears welling up in his eyes, but he feels such pride about his mother’s compliment that he doesn’t cry.

In The Wednesday Wars by Gary Schmidt, why does Holling believe that Mrs. Baker is plotting against him?

At first, Mrs. Baker seems very annoyed that Holling Hoodhood is the only student who does not attend Hebrew school or catechism on Wednesday afternoons, so she has to stay with him in the classroom. He believes that she is plotting against him (though she turns out to be a very supportive teacher) because she is angry that he has nowhere else to be on Wednesday afternoons.


At the beginning of the year, Mrs. Baker...

At first, Mrs. Baker seems very annoyed that Holling Hoodhood is the only student who does not attend Hebrew school or catechism on Wednesday afternoons, so she has to stay with him in the classroom. He believes that she is plotting against him (though she turns out to be a very supportive teacher) because she is angry that he has nowhere else to be on Wednesday afternoons.


At the beginning of the year, Mrs. Baker is very hard on Holling. She gives him the most difficult sentences to diagram. Everyone else in the class gets fairly easy sentences, while she gives him very complicated sentences with a great number of clauses. In addition, she is at times curt with him, such as when she tells him to go to the office, where he receives the news that Mrs. Baker wants him to re-take sixth-grade math. She also makes him carry out tedious chores, such as washing chalkboards and pounding erasers, and then she decides to make Holling read Shakespeare--which he considers torture. In the end, however, Holling realizes that Mrs. Baker is really his friend and is trying to encourage him to learn. 

What is the danger in not having books?

One of the most significant themes throughout the novel Fahrenheit 451 examines government censorship which makes owning or possessing literature illegal in Bradbury's dystopian society. In a conversation between Montag and Faber, Faber explains why books are important. He tells Montag,


"After all, when we had all the books we needed, we still insisted on finding the highest cliff to jump off. But we do need a breather. We do need knowledge. And perhaps in...

One of the most significant themes throughout the novel Fahrenheit 451 examines government censorship which makes owning or possessing literature illegal in Bradbury's dystopian society. In a conversation between Montag and Faber, Faber explains why books are important. He tells Montag,



"After all, when we had all the books we needed, we still insisted on finding the highest cliff to jump off. But we do need a breather. We do need knowledge. And perhaps in a thousand years we might pick smaller cliffs to jump off. The books are to remind us what asses and fools we are" (Bradbury 82).



Faber is essentially telling Montag that books are important to keep humanity from repeating past mistakes. The danger of making books illegal and obsolete is that former knowledge will no longer be preserved, and humanity will be destined to keep repeating its failures. In addition to preserving knowledge, government authority will remain unchecked without authors and critics critiquing its policies. Authoritative governments will be able to maintain and control the populace at the citizen's expense. Without books, humanity's innovations and advancements would stagnate and the populace would lose its political voice, clearing the way for corrupt politicians to enforce unjust policies.  

Where does Katniss live within District 12?

Katniss and her family live in the section of District 12 known as the Seam.  


In chapter one, Katniss gives readers background information about herself, her family, District 12, and their house.  She informs readers that District 12 is a mining district, and the Seam is where many of the miners live.  Katniss further clarifies her house's location by telling readers that it is on the outer edges of the Seam.  She says that...

Katniss and her family live in the section of District 12 known as the Seam.  


In chapter one, Katniss gives readers background information about herself, her family, District 12, and their house.  She informs readers that District 12 is a mining district, and the Seam is where many of the miners live.  Katniss further clarifies her house's location by telling readers that it is on the outer edges of the Seam.  She says that she only has to go through a few gates to reach a run down field called the Meadow.  



Our house is almost at the edge of the Seam. I only have to pass a few gates to reach the scruffy field called the Meadow. Separating the Meadow from the woods, in fact enclosing all of District 12, is a high chain-link fence topped with barbed wire loops.



The Meadow is important because it borders the forest.  Between the two is a chain link fence that is meant to keep predators out and the people of District 12 in.  Katniss ignores this rule because she goes outside of the fence in order to hunt for food for her family.



Most of the Peacekeepers turn a blind eye to the few of us who hunt because they’re as hungry for fresh meat as anybody is.  


What is a summary and analysis of the poem "A March Calf" by Ted Hughes?

Ted Hughes' powerful poem "The March Calf" creates an unforgettable image of a new-born calf who is "dressed in his best--his blacks and his whites" (also called a "wedding natty get up") as he prepares to suck the milk from his mother. 

This opening image, comparing the calf's appearance to a well-dressed person, lets us know right from the beginning that although Hughes IS describing the actions of a baby calf, he is also making a statement about humans.  Most young American readers might not recognize the allusion to Little Lord Fauntleroy, the title character of a once-popular 1886 novel by Frances Hodgson Burnett (coincidentally also the author of The Secret Garden).  In the book, an American boy is found to be the lost son of a British earl.  He is dressed in an English costume of black velvet and white lace--thus, the black and white "Sunday suit" of the newborn calf. 


The second stanza describes the calf and his surroundings ("under cobwebby beams...shiny-eyed) and lets us know that his mother's milk is all he needs. In the third stanza the speaker tells us that the calf is satisfied with a little bit of his new life at a time, that he is not ready to take too much of life at once. ("Let the summer skies hold off, for the moment.") 


Over the next three stanzas, we learn that the speaker lets the calf run toward the mother and blocks the light so that the startled calf can bolt toward what he wants and needs, despite his trembling and fear.  The mother cow's teat is described, in an apt metaphor, as "God's thumb." 


Just as we begin to feel a connection to this "dear little fellow" (stanza 7), the poem grows darker.  Stanza eight introduces "Hungry people...getting hungrier" and "Butchers developing expertise and markets."  The calf has been birthed and is now fed only to prepare to be butchered. 


But his ultimate fate doesn't matter to the calf, who "glistens...Within his dapper profile."  That is, the calf is just exulting in being alive--in the joy of living and existing.  He does not know what is in store for him: "Unaware of...his whole lineage." 


The final two stanzas reiterate this exultation in one's existence, reminding us that perhaps we need to take joy in our own inner world and in our physicality and physical surroundings.  The closing lines of the poem express pure joy in being as the little calf is ready to break out onto the grass and live life: "To find himself himself.  To stand.  To moo." 


We should try to find ourselves ourselves, too.  Although the poem describes the calf vividly, it is very much about the joy of living and about finding our own identity. 

Is it ever suitable to publicly spray pesticides in non-agricultural areas? If so, when does the benefit outweigh the risk?

Actually, it is and it has been done before with results that have benefited the residents of the affected area. In the 1930s and 1940s, DDT was sprayed all over the American South to eradicate mosquitoes. While it was only later discovered that DDT kills both songbirds and predatory birds (as was popularized in Rachel Carson's work, Silent Spring), DDT killed mosquitoes and made the annual fears of malaria and yellow fever only a memory....

Actually, it is and it has been done before with results that have benefited the residents of the affected area. In the 1930s and 1940s, DDT was sprayed all over the American South to eradicate mosquitoes. While it was only later discovered that DDT kills both songbirds and predatory birds (as was popularized in Rachel Carson's work, Silent Spring), DDT killed mosquitoes and made the annual fears of malaria and yellow fever only a memory. During WWII, the Allies sprayed DDT to kill lice in order to stop a lupus epidemic in Sicily after the Allied invasion.  


Pesticides can be risky. In many cases, they can be either poisonous to young people or people with compromised immune systems, but if judiciously used, the benefits far outweigh the costs. Remember also that the ecosystem is connected, so pesticides used in a rural area may end up in an urban area due to the toxins turning up in food or via wind/ water currents blowing material to the city. Today, there are more precise ways to kill disease-causing insects—currently scientists are looking at creating sterilized hybrid mosquitoes in order to control the spread of the Zika virus in Brazil. Pesticides have had their positive uses and have saved thousands of lives; it would be a mistake to limit their uses entirely.  

When he was mayor of New York City, Michael Bloomberg proposed a ban on any "sweet drinks" more than 16 ounces. Although it was ruled illegal by...

Clearly, a ban on these drinks would intrude on personal freedom.  The issue is not whether it intrudes on personal freedom but whether it does so excessively.


Essentially every government law infringes on personal freedom in some way.  The speed limit intrudes on our freedom to drive whatever speed we want.  The ban on cocaine and heroin infringes on our freedom to do whatever we think will make us feel good.  The ban on sugary...

Clearly, a ban on these drinks would intrude on personal freedom.  The issue is not whether it intrudes on personal freedom but whether it does so excessively.


Essentially every government law infringes on personal freedom in some way.  The speed limit intrudes on our freedom to drive whatever speed we want.  The ban on cocaine and heroin infringes on our freedom to do whatever we think will make us feel good.  The ban on sugary drinks would infringe on our right to eat and drink what we want.  However, while laws always infringe on our freedoms, we accept them because we think they do not intrude too much in comparison to the bad things that they prevent.


It is in this context that we have to think about the proposed NYC ban.  Does it do enough good to overcome the way in which it infringes on our freedom?  A ban would presumably help at least somewhat to reduce the problems associated with obesity in the city.  This would make people healthier and reduce the government’s need to spend on health care.  The question you have to answer for yourself, then, is whether that is enough of a benefit to justify telling people what they can and cannot drink.  One thing to think about as you consider this question: where do we draw the line?  Could the government ban us from eating large steaks (or all meat) because it thinks fat is unhealthy?  This is a matter of personal opinion.  What do you think?


As for what companies should do about this, I would say they should do two things.  First, they should advertise, telling people to fight for their right to eat and drink what they want.  Second, they should work to develop new drinks that would have less sugar. If they could do that, they would be covered in the event that such a ban does eventually end up happening.

In "Civil Disobedience" by Thoreau, "On the Eve of Historic Dandi March" by Gandhi, and "Long Walk to Freedom" by Nelson Mandela, how is the...

In Thoreau's "Civil Disobedience," Gandhi's "On the Eve of Historic Dandi March," and Mandela's Long Walk to Freedom, identifying with other people is the way to bring about social reform. 

There are many connections between Thoreau's "Civil Disobedience," Gandhi's "On the Eve of Historic Dandi March," and Mandela's Long Walk to Freedom. Each emphasizes a collective notion of the good. They suggests that when we identify ourselves with something larger than our own identity, we are compelled to take action. We are driven to bring about social reform because we value the importance of helping others.    


In Thoreau's "Civil Disobedience," taking action to bring about social change is seen through a collective lens. Thoreau sees social reform as only possible when individuals band together.  The true success of civil disobedience is only visible when people take action as one to achieve social reform:



If the alternative is to keep all just men in prison, or give up war and slavery, the State will not hesitate which to choose. If a thousand men were not to pay their tax-bills this year, that would not be a violent and bloody measure, as it would be to pay them, and enable the State to commit violence and shed innocent blood. This is, in fact, the definition of a peaceable revolution, if any such is possible.



Thoreau's "peaceable revolution" of social reform happens when "all just men" take action together.  Thoreau believes that an individual's power increases when they see past their differences and work together towards a common goal.  They might be as different as "the fugitive slave, and the Mexican prisoner on parole" or "the Indian to plead the wrongs of his race."  Thoreau sees a person's power increasing when they unify with others in the cause for social reform.  


Gandhi's Dandi march was collective action in order to achieve social reform. Gandhi wanted to achieve change and marched with others in order to do so. He wanted people to be unified in their action, and to see their interests as interlinked with others.  In his speech, Gandhi argues that his task "shall be done if I perish and so do my colleagues."  He envisions social reform as individuals sacrificing themselves for something greater.  Gandhi repeatedly talks about how he, as an individual, is not as important as the cause of challenging an unjust authority through civil disobedience. Gandhi stresses how he and his volunteers are unified in this purpose.  Adding to their unity is their faith in civil disobedience.  In Gandhi's mind, the "stream of civil resisters will flow unbroken" when people take action together. Gandhi sees social reform as possible when individuals yield to a larger cause that encompasses more than just their own interests.


Finally, Mandela believes that the power of the individual to bring about social change happens when people keep an eye to maintaining the social order. Mandela believes that when people are optimistic, they identify with others in the struggle for social change:  



I am fundamentally an optimist. Whether that comes from nature or nurture, I cannot say. Part of being optimistic is keeping one's head pointed toward the sun, one's feet moving forward. There were many dark moments when my faith in humanity was sorely tested, but I would not and could not give myself up to despair. 



Mandela views excessive individualism with "despair" and "dark moments."   In his own narrative, social reform was visible when he saw his interests rest with others' happiness:  "There was no particular day on which I said, Henceforth I will devote myself to the liberation of my people; instead, I simply found myself doing so, and could not do otherwise."  Mandela sees individuals' power towards social reform increase when they see "the chains" on" one person as "the chains on me."  Collective identity is the only path through which a wide level of change can happen. His writings and life underscore the importance of seeing beyond oneself in order to create change.

How is Charles Dickens' David Copperfield a story about growing up?

One of the best ways you can tell that this is a story about growing up is by reading the first sentence, which I think is one of the best openings in all of literature.


Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show. 



Don’t we all want to be the heroes of our own lives?  That would be the idea, wouldn’t it?  This sentence really demonstrates Dickens’ idealism and mindset when he wrote this book.  Dickens was obsessed with childhood.  Many of his books have child protagonists, and he was one of the first novelists to focus on growing up.  In David Copperfield, we follow David from a miserable childhood to a fairly successful adulthood, but not without some bumps in the road.


First of all, growing up in a Dickens book usually means you will lose one or both parents.  David lost both.  His father died, and then his mother remarried a horrible stepfather who sent him away to a horrible school, and then his mother died.  David’s mother was weak, mentally and physically.  He never had much of a relationship with her.


There are always also going to be colorful characters in the child’s life.  In this case, there is Pegotty, David’s nurse.  She takes care of him when he is young and stays an important figure in his life.  Her family is also important to him, meaning Dan, Ham, and Em’ly.  David learns about morality through what happens to Em’ly, when a man he looked up to as a friend since childhood, Steerforth, betrays her.


Micawber is another interesting influence in David’s journey to growing up.  I think from Micawber, David learned to manage money carefully.  Micawber didn’t.  He was always waiting for something to turn up.  He was endlessly optimistic and blatantly unluckily and irresponsible.  Betsy Trotwood, David’s great-aunt, was kind to him and supported him well.


This leaves Dora and Agnes.  Part of growing up is learning about the opposite sex.  David had some issues in that area.  He fell head over heels in love with Dora, but while she was pretty and silly, she was also weak and died young.  Agnes was everything Dora was not.  She was steadfast and true, and David married her after Dora died.

What is William Golding trying to reveal through Piggy in the book Lord of the Flies? Is it that intelligence is disliked as it is powerful?

Piggy is an interesting character--one that is open to multiple interpretations. Piggy displays characteristics that should make him an important leader among the boys; however, Piggy is almost universally mocked and even despised by the others. Golding shows that prejudice and rejection of the "other" in a society can deprive it of the full contributions of its highly talented members--to the detriment of the rejected individuals and the society. Piggy is intelligent, has creative ideas,...

Piggy is an interesting character--one that is open to multiple interpretations. Piggy displays characteristics that should make him an important leader among the boys; however, Piggy is almost universally mocked and even despised by the others. Golding shows that prejudice and rejection of the "other" in a society can deprive it of the full contributions of its highly talented members--to the detriment of the rejected individuals and the society. Piggy is intelligent, has creative ideas, and has a natural bent toward administration. These are attributes that should have been valued by the boys and would have enriched their life on the island if fully utilized. However, Piggy is perceived as "other," causing the boys to discount many of his words and ideas: 



"Piggy was a bore; his fat, his ass-mar and his matter-of-fact ideas were dull. ... There had grown up tacitly among the biguns the opinion that Piggy was an outsider, not only by accent, which did not matter, but by fat, and ass-mar, and specs, and a certain disinclination for manual labor."



Golding gives this description from the point of view of the boys; it must be taken with some irony. Although his "accent" is downplayed in this passage, it is a big part of what makes Piggy "other." He comes from a part of England that is not respected by the boys who come from a "better" part of the country. His appearance (fat and specs) also makes him unlikable, which reveals the shallowness of the boys' standards for friendship. Although Piggy doesn't have physical strength and stamina, they are made up for by superior talents in other areas. And although Piggy's personality is unpleasant, that can probably be attributed to the way others have always treated him. 


When evaluating what Golding was trying to do with Piggy, one must consider not just his intelligence, but also the other qualities that Golding worked into the character. The way the boys treat Piggy, ignoring him to their own detriment, reveals the propensity people have toward prejudice and the negative consequences of prejudicial attitudes on society. 

Who were the most famous writers during the American Romantic era?

The most famous Romantic writers in America were probably Emerson and Thoreau; among the Dark Romantic writers, Hawthorne, Melville, and Poe are renowned.


Well-suited to American democracy and expansion, the Roman spirit affirmed the value of every man, and expressed the inspired imagination of ethical and aesthetic values. A close examination and development of self, therefore, became a trope for the American Romantic writers. According to the theories of Romanticism, since self and nature are...

The most famous Romantic writers in America were probably Emerson and Thoreau; among the Dark Romantic writers, Hawthorne, Melville, and Poe are renowned.


Well-suited to American democracy and expansion, the Roman spirit affirmed the value of every man, and expressed the inspired imagination of ethical and aesthetic values. A close examination and development of self, therefore, became a trope for the American Romantic writers. According to the theories of Romanticism, since self and nature are one, it is not selfish to be self-aware; instead, this cognizance is a "mode of knowledge" that assists in the explanation of all that surrounds man.


No one expressed the concepts of Romanticism better than Ralph Waldo Emerson. His love of nature and his sense of the sublime were aptly expressed in his work and his convictions about the value of the individual and the importance of self-expression and self-reliance. Another advocate of individualism was Henry David Thoreau, who urged men to "march to the beat of a different drummer."


Often called the greatest American Romantic poet, Walt Whitman developed a style of poetry that was uniquely democratic and American in its structure. Employing simple language so the public could easily access his poetry, Whitman wrote of the unity and equality of Americans:



I hear America singing. . .
The day what belongs to the day — at night the party of young fellows, robust, friendly,
Singing with open mouths their strong melodious songs



Emily Dickinson, too, examined the American heart and mind, expressing freely individualistic ideas, ideas that for her were liberating.


Other famous writers of the Romantic period in America are Washington Irving, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, and Edgar Allan Poe.


Hawthorne, Melville, and Poe are often categorized as Dark Romantics, writers who acknowledged the existence of evil in human life. In fact, they formed a counterpoint to the Transcendental optimism of Emerson and Thoreau. 

What is the symbolism of the bad weather at the end of the story "The Scarlet Ibis"?

The storm at the end of “The Scarlet Ibis” by James Hurst portends impending disaster just as the first storm does earlier in the story. The Scarlet Ibis arrived in the yard as a result of being carried off course by a storm. It was weak, and out of its element which resulted in its death.


At the end of the story, the storm rolls as the boys are rowing in the creek. As the...

The storm at the end of “The Scarlet Ibis” by James Hurst portends impending disaster just as the first storm does earlier in the story. The Scarlet Ibis arrived in the yard as a result of being carried off course by a storm. It was weak, and out of its element which resulted in its death.


At the end of the story, the storm rolls as the boys are rowing in the creek. As the storm clouds gather, Brother has Doodle row them back to the Horsehead Landing, which taxes his strength and mind. He is frightened by the storm. After the death of the Scarlet Ibis, he seems to know what his own fate will be.



Black clouds began to gather in the southwest, and he kept watching them, trying to pull the oars a little faster. When we reached Horsehead Landing, lightning was playing across half the sky and thunder roared out, hiding even the sound of the sea. The sun disappeared and darkness descended, almost like night.



The symbolism is parallel to the first storm, only this time its victim is Doodle. He is so exhausted from rowing he is unable to keep up with Brother who runs ahead to get out of the rain. When Doodle can no longer continue running, he takes shelter under the red nightshade bush where he dies. The situational symbolism of the storms results in the death of both the Scarlet Ibis and Doodle. They were fragile creatures, out of their element, who were taken too soon.

How are closed or open spaces used in the setting of The Crucible, and with what effects?

Acts I, II, and III take place in relatively closed spaces: the Reverend Parris's house, the Proctors' house, and the meeting house / courtroom, respectively.  Each closed space seems to feel too small for all the big emotions and tensions and anxieties; it's as though the small areas are as confining as the laws and pressures and superstitions of the Puritans themselves.  In Parris's house, the minister's own anxiety about how he will be perceived...

Acts I, II, and III take place in relatively closed spaces: the Reverend Parris's house, the Proctors' house, and the meeting house / courtroom, respectively.  Each closed space seems to feel too small for all the big emotions and tensions and anxieties; it's as though the small areas are as confining as the laws and pressures and superstitions of the Puritans themselves.  In Parris's house, the minister's own anxiety about how he will be perceived by the wider community influences him to act in a way that is ultimately self-serving rather than Salem-serving; ditto for the Putnams, Abigail, and the other girls.  In John Proctor's home, the strained relationship between him and his wife widen the chasm between them, and when Mr. Hale arrives, we see them all chafe against the religious codes of the colony.  Then, in the courtroom, we see the stifling atmosphere created by Judge Danforth and Hathorne's corruption, despite the evidence brought by Proctor, Corey, and Nurse or the more reasonable arguments presented by Hale.  As the act progresses, we seem to feel the walls closing in on Proctor and the other accused innocents.  It's a damning view of the Puritans to be sure.


Act IV, however, begins in a small, enclosed space -- the jail -- and ends in the wide open space outside it.  Within the jail, Proctor and the others are what society has made them: convicts.  But outside the jail, Proctor has the opportunity to see that he is more than the sum of his parts as determined by his religion and his community.  Though he'd made a mistake and been unfaithful to his wife, he finally realizes that this doesn't make him an irredeemable sinner; he comes to understand -- when outside the walls (both literal and figurative) erected by religion and community -- that he can still choose to be good and honest.  It is as though he gains the freedom to see himself in a new way when he is no longer trapped within Puritans structures, be they physical or symbolic.

What are some adjectives and examples to describe the relationship between Ruth and Beatrice in Paul Zindel's The Effect of Gamma Rays on...

Paul Zindel's play contains a powerful central metaphor in the title and to what it refers. The experiment Tillie conducts to determine if radiation creates mutations in marigolds symbolizes the effect that negative energy and dysfunction has on her own family. The impact of negative emotions like anger, regret, and cruelty strongly affect the family unit.


The relationship between Beatrice and her daughter Ruth is particularly problematic. The outgoing Ruth shows some promise of being...

Paul Zindel's play contains a powerful central metaphor in the title and to what it refers. The experiment Tillie conducts to determine if radiation creates mutations in marigolds symbolizes the effect that negative energy and dysfunction has on her own family. The impact of negative emotions like anger, regret, and cruelty strongly affect the family unit.


The relationship between Beatrice and her daughter Ruth is particularly problematic. The outgoing Ruth shows some promise of being socially accepted—unlike Tillie, whose shyness prevents her from engaging with people. Beatrice thinks of herself as attractive and outgoing, but people in her community mock her behind her back and suggest she is mentally ill. This creates a problem with Ruth seeing her mother as a role model. Like Betty, Ruth is very aware of other peoples' opinions of her and is vulnerable to them.


An example is that people have been known to call Beatrice "Betty the Loon," and this remark is overheard by Ruth at school. Ruth repeats it to insult her mother when the two are arguing over the science fair. Ruth's illness makes her dependent on others, though. This causes her to feel resentment, and she may be worrying she'll turn out like her mother, as her condition makes her vulnerable to taunting like Betty was. Some adjectives to describe their relationship might include problematic, toxic, complicated, dysfunctional, dependent, antagonistic, intense, and volatile.

What is the conflict between Antonio and Shylock in The Merchant of Venice? Does it have any roots in religion?

The conflict between Antonio and Shylock arises partly from religion and partly from economic causes. Antonio wants to borrow money from Shylock, who is employed as a moneylender. While he needs Shylock, Antonio also curses him. In addition, Shylock is Jewish, and Antonio is Christian, and anti-semitism on Antonio's part is a reason behind the feud between them. Shylock says to Antonio:


"Signior Antonio, many a time and oft/In the Rialto you have rated me/...

The conflict between Antonio and Shylock arises partly from religion and partly from economic causes. Antonio wants to borrow money from Shylock, who is employed as a moneylender. While he needs Shylock, Antonio also curses him. In addition, Shylock is Jewish, and Antonio is Christian, and anti-semitism on Antonio's part is a reason behind the feud between them. Shylock says to Antonio:



"Signior Antonio, many a time and oft/In the Rialto you have rated me/ About my moneys and my usances:/ Still have I borne it with a patient shrug, /For sufferance is the badge of all our tribe. /You call me misbeliever, cut-throat dog,/ And spit upon my Jewish gaberdine, /And all for use of that which is mine own."



In other words, Antonio has cursed Shylock for being a money lender, as "usances" refers to the practice of lending money and charging interest. Shylock believes he has handled this abuse with patience, as Jews suffer patiently and often at the hands of Christians who mock them. Antonio has abused Shylock and even spat on him because Shylock lends out money that belongs to him. However, Antonio now needs money from Shylock, which causes their conflict to become even more bitter.


Many critics, including the preeminent Shakespeare scholar Harold Bloom, have called the play anti-semitic. In his 1998 book Shakespeare and the Invention of the Human, Bloom charged that the play resulted in many centuries of anti-semitism in Europe, ending in the Holocaust. See the link to the Smithsonian article below for more information about the problematic nature of the play and the debate about whether it is anti-semitic in nature. There is no doubt that religion is at the core of the conflict between Antonio and Shylock. 

How can I make a title for the best feature of a cellphone?

Coming up with titles is hard.  I actually never wrote titles for my papers in high school or college until after everything else was done.  I needed the inspiration of all of the other stuff to come up with a decent title.  Based on the question, it sounds like that part is done already.  I do not know what cellphone or cellphone feature that the question has in mind, so I'll have to be a...

Coming up with titles is hard.  I actually never wrote titles for my papers in high school or college until after everything else was done.  I needed the inspiration of all of the other stuff to come up with a decent title.  Based on the question, it sounds like that part is done already.  I do not know what cellphone or cellphone feature that the question has in mind, so I'll have to be a bit broad.  


When coming up with a title, you want the title to apply to the topic, not be mundane, and shorter is better than longer because it's generally easier to remember.  


My favorite feature of my cellphone is the camera.  I know that's not exciting, but I have three little kids, so the camera gets used a lot.  It's a camera but it doesn't have a cool title name.  I'm kind of partial to "The Time Capture Device."  It sounds way more scientific than "camera," but the problem is that it is longer than the actual name.  Maybe "Photo Cannon" is better.  


Regardless of the feature that you are trying to provide a title for, don't be afraid to be silly with the title.  I've often found that starting out with silly names often leads to titles that are quite creative.   

How should I go about writing an essay on the problem of recycling in my community?

In writing this essay, one of the key factors you should keep in mind is that your grade depends on clearly following the prompt. The assignment has in boldface that the problem you need to address must be one that affects you personally. The problem with the subject you have chosen is that while you can choose to recycle or not, a generic essay about recycling would not actually fulfill the requirements of the assignment....

In writing this essay, one of the key factors you should keep in mind is that your grade depends on clearly following the prompt. The assignment has in boldface that the problem you need to address must be one that affects you personally. The problem with the subject you have chosen is that while you can choose to recycle or not, a generic essay about recycling would not actually fulfill the requirements of the assignment. While recycling may help mitigate global climate change or improve the quality of the environment over the long term, that isn't really the point of this assignment; your instructor wants you to focus on something with an immediate impact on your own personal life. 


If you wanted to show how recycling could impact your life, you would need to research waste collection in your community. If a landfill is close to capacity, you might be able to argue that recycling might reduce the need for a new landfill and thus reduce taxes. You could also investigate whether increasing recycling, and including a composting program, could have economic benefits for your community. Another possibility would be looking at the effect of electronics recycling on groundwater quality.


Overall, though, recycling is probably not the best choice of topic in response to this prompt. What your instructor is looking for is probably more an issue such as needing a skateboard park to give teens something to do after school while reducing damage to public structures not designed for skateboarding. 


Eric throws a basketball straight up into the air. As it rises, which form of energy is increasing?

A ball has two forms of mechanical energy: kinetic and potential. Kinetic energy is the energy of movement, and it increases as the magnitude of the speed increases. Potential energy is the energy of interaction with Earth's gravitational field and it increases as the height over Earth's surface increases.


The formulas are `E_k = (m V^2)/2` and `E_p = mgH,` where `E_k` is the kinetic energy, `E_p` is the potential energy, `m` is the mass...

A ball has two forms of mechanical energy: kinetic and potential. Kinetic energy is the energy of movement, and it increases as the magnitude of the speed increases. Potential energy is the energy of interaction with Earth's gravitational field and it increases as the height over Earth's surface increases.


The formulas are `E_k = (m V^2)/2` and `E_p = mgH,` where `E_k` is the kinetic energy, `E_p` is the potential energy, `m` is the mass of a ball, `V` is the speed and `H` is the height.


Consider how the speed and the height of a ball change as it rises. The height obviously increases, so potential energy increases. But the magnitude of a speed decreases uniformly (a ball possesses uniform downward acceleration `g` due to gravity). So the kinetic energy decreases.


The answer: the potential energy of the ball is increasing as the ball rises.

What is a weakness with the legislative branch?

One weakness of the legislative branch is that it could be difficult to pass a law. We are seeing that scenario play out to some degree today. Because there are two houses of Congress, an issue may arise if a different political party controls each house of Congress. If those parties differ significantly over many issues, little might get accomplished. Additionally, if the President is from a different party than both houses of Congress, little...

One weakness of the legislative branch is that it could be difficult to pass a law. We are seeing that scenario play out to some degree today. Because there are two houses of Congress, an issue may arise if a different political party controls each house of Congress. If those parties differ significantly over many issues, little might get accomplished. Additionally, if the President is from a different party than both houses of Congress, little might get done in this situation.


President Obama is from the Democratic Party while the Republicans control both houses of Congress. Because there isn’t a great working relationship between the President and the Congress, the threat of a presidential veto is always present. Since the Republicans don’t control two-thirds of both houses of Congress, it would be hard to override a veto. As a result, there has been some difficulty in reaching an agreement with proposed laws. At times, the President wanted to see a certain concept be put into a law. However, since Congress is controlled by the Republicans who didn't agree with the President about this concept, no action was taken and the idea never became a law. After the election in 2012, the Democrats controlled the Senate while the Republicans controlled the House of Representatives. Since these parties had very different opinions on various issues, there wasn’t a lot of agreement on bills, and many bills never got passed.


There are circumstances where the legislative branch is split between the parties that control each house, or the President is from a different party than the party that controls both houses of Congress. As a result, it becomes more difficult to a pass a law, which is one weakness of the legislative branch.

Why is the poem "Unknown Citizen" used as an example of satire? What do you think Auden's purpose might have been in writing this poem?

Auden's poem "Unknown Citizen" consists mostly of an epitaph for a recently deceased person, followed by pointed questions in the last two lines. The poem has a unique perspective, that of various data-collecting bodies (government, employer, union, etc.) and their acknowledgement that the Citizen was an upstanding person. 


What makes this poem satire is the juxtaposition of the last two lines in relation to the tone of the poem. The majority of the poem is...

Auden's poem "Unknown Citizen" consists mostly of an epitaph for a recently deceased person, followed by pointed questions in the last two lines. The poem has a unique perspective, that of various data-collecting bodies (government, employer, union, etc.) and their acknowledgement that the Citizen was an upstanding person. 


What makes this poem satire is the juxtaposition of the last two lines in relation to the tone of the poem. The majority of the poem is a presentation of the fact that the Citizen did what was expected and never challenged any of the authorities over him. In the eyes of these data-collecting bodies, this is laudable. Yet, the last two lines ask if he was happy and free and assure the reader that there is no reason to ask about this kind of thing. Everything was all right. 


The last two lines don't just come out of the blue; Auden foreshadows them with some of his statements. For example, it is clear that the Citizen only had opinions acceptable to the time in which he was living--"When there was peace, he was for peace: when there was war, he went." Also, Auden mentions Eugenics, which was a movement in favor of ensuring that "desirable" people reproduce and "undesirable" people didn't. Hitler took that movement to its extreme, but it was a significant movement in the United States, as well. 


Unknown Citizen was written in 1939, at the end of the Great Depression and shortly before World War II. Kristallnacht had occurred the year before, so Hitler's danger was apparent, and yet there were strong voices in the United States that were antisemitic, refusing entry into the United States of refugee Jews from Germany. It was a time when a dissenting political opinion was important because the US government was holding off from intervening in events in Europe. 


Ultimately, then, Unknown Citizen satirizes the concept, from a governmental and corporate perspective, of what a good citizen is--one who does not make waves. 

How is Great Expectations a coming-of-age novel?

A coming of age story is a story that focuses on how a particular child character matures and the life experiences that make him or her an adult.  Great Expectations is the story of a young boy, Pip, who grows up due to tumultuous experiences he has from a very young age.

Pip’s first experience is in the cemetery.  Magwitch finds him there looking at his family’s headstones.  He tells Pip to bring him food and a file to remove his shackles.  Pip does so, and demonstrates that he feels sorry for Magwitch.  More than just bringing him everything because he is scared, Pip shows empathy.  This is something Magwitch remembers, and is the reason why he sends Pip his money.


Miss Havisham’s house is another coming of age experience for Pip.  He meets Estella there, and falls in love with her from a young age.  Miss Havisham encourages this.  She wanted Estella to practice on Pip.  Miss Havisham is a very bizarre old woman who never leaves her house and has never changed out of her wedding dress because she was jilted on her wedding day.


Miss Havisham’s emotional abuse of Pip focuses on developing his infatuation with Estella.



"Love her, love her, love her! If she favors you, love her. If she wounds you, love her. If she tears your heart to pieces,—and as it gets older and stronger it will tear deeper,—love her, love her, love her!" (Ch. 29)   



This is the reason why when Pip is given his “great expectations” he assumes that Miss Havisham is behind them.  He believes that she is making him into a gentleman so he will be fit to marry Estella.  Once in London, Pip grows up quite a lot.  Herbert and Matthew Pocket teach Pip how to behave in respectable society, and Matthew Pocket educates him.


Pip was already starting to get ashamed of his home and his uncle before he went to London.  Estella made fun of him for being coarse and common.  He did not want to become a blacksmith, even after Miss Havisham apprenticed him to Joe.  When in London, he had as little contact with Joe as possible and did not even stay with him when he visited.  He was ashamed of Joe’s common ways.


Pip grows more sure of himself.  He still pines for Estella, but Estella assures him that she cannot return his affections.  This is very hard for him to take.  When Pip learns that Magwitch and not Miss Havisham is responsible for his money, he is heartbroken.  He does learn to care for Magwitch.  He tries to get him out of the country.  Unfortunately, Magwitch dies as a result of his injuries while trying to get away.


Pip confronts Miss Havisham, who asks him to forgive her.  He gets ill after being injured trying to save Miss Havisham in a fire.  Then, since Magwitch’s money is gone, Pip is arrested and sent to debtor’s prison.  Joe bails him out.  After these experiences, Pip becomes more humble and realizes that he should focus his efforts on caring about the people who are in his life, such as Joe, Biddy, and Herbert Pocket.

How has The BFG's life changed by the end of the novel?

The BFG tells Sophie early in the novel that he has been around for so long that he does not remember how he came to be.  He guesses that he simply appeared around the same time that the earth was created.  We learn at the beginning of the novel that his life has been the same for a very long time; he catches dreams, eats disgusting snozzcumbers, and watches glumly as the other giants go off to kidnap and gobble up local children.  He seems somewhat lonely and not particularly happy, but it has been this way for so long that he doesn't seem to be able to imagine any other way of life.

However, things start to change when Sophie enters his life.  She introduces him to new ideas and makes him realize that his life could actually be better.  These changes start out small.  When The BFG tells Sophie how much he hates eating snozzcumbers, she asks him if he really NEEDS to eat it.  He replies, "You do unless you is wanting to become so thin you will be disappearing into a thick ear."  He seems to believe that snozzcumbers are literally the only alternative to eating "human beans".  Sophie opens his eyes, though, by telling him, "We don't have to eat snozzcumbers.  In the fields around our village there are all sorts of lovely vegetables like cauliflowers and carrots."  


These changes become more dramatic when Sophie decides that they simply must do something to stop the giants from guzzling up children.  The BFG has never let a human being see him before because he was convinced that they would lock him away or hurt him, but Sophie convinces him to walk right up to the Queen's window and introduce himself.  She also convinces him to stand up to the other giants, which is something he has always been too afraid to do on his own.  


By the end of the book, The BFG has completely embraced an entirely new way of life.  He is considered a hero by many leaders of foreign countries - is even given an elephant, his most precious desire, by the Ruler of India!  The Queen of England has built him a house fit for a giant right next to her castle, and a small cottage right next door for Sophie.  The BFG even learns how to read and write, and we find out at the end of the novel that he is actually the author of the novel itself!  Nearly everything about The BFG's life has changed, and it appears that he will continue living a very happy life for a very long time. 

1. Compare or contrast one female character in one of Ann Beattie's stories from The Burning House with one female character in one of Amber...

Amy, the first-person narrator of Ann Beattie's short story "The Burning House," contrasts with the secondary character of the mother of the twins in Amber Sparks' short story "The Lizzie Bordon Jazz Babies."

Amy is married to Frank and surrounded by all his male friends. The mother of the twins (who is not named in the story) is widowed and remarried to "the mensware salesman." She is surrounded, in a manner of speaking, by her twins, Patty (the eldest by a minute with a splotch of a birthmark on her heel) and Cat (who always agrees with Patty, until she doesn't).

Amy occasionally smokes pot with Frank's brother Freddy; cooks; takes care of her son, six-year-old Mark; and has returned to college to earn herself an education. She is having an affair with Johnny to whom she was introduced by Frank's friend J.D., who tends toward obsession. She stares every morning at the early light refracted by the "twenty glass prisms" hung from an overhead beam above their bed. The twins' mother takes care of them and the mensware salesman, goes to church where she prays for sinners and her dead husband in "her nervous, insincere way." She always enjoyed watching her young twins dance and cavort on the front porch in their little girl way to Fats Waller jazz music until, on the threshold of puberty, the twins start gathering a crowd of overly interested men watching them, following them and sneaking into their windows.

Amy looks forward to having time with Johnny while being conflicted about Frank wanting to leave her and drift away from her like the prism lights overhead after morning light beams pass by. The mother looks forward to her girls giving up jazz and taking ballet like "nice girls do" while being mildly distracted by the sins of bathing suit wearers. Amy learns that Frank is "already gone" and "looking down on all this from space" because men think they are "Spider-Man and Buck Rogers and Superman" and are "going to the stars." The mother learns that her twins become ununited--Patty taking up the strengthening and grounding sport of tennis and Cat taking up graceful, gentle ballet--unaware that while Cat dates and falls in love, Patty continues to plot murder at the library.

Amy, despite her sorrow, depression, despondence and sense of being adrift, is alive, is perceptive, is interacting with other people's feelings and thoughts. The twins' mother, naive and gullible, is happy and fun loving and dutiful in caring for her family and in appreciating the house the mensware salesman has bought for them, but she is dull in sensibilities; praying, grieving and living insincerely, unaware of the feelings and thoughts of those closest to her, her own twins.

By what method is Rosie characterized in "Raymond's Run"?

Most of the characterization of Rosie is direct, meaning that Squeaky, the narrator, describes her specifically.  There is also some indirect characterization because Rosie is described through her actions and words.


An example of the direct characterization is Squeaky’s introduction of Rosie.  She is upset because Rosie makes fun of her brother Raymond, who has special needs. 


Rosie … is as fat as I am skinny and has a big mouth where Raymond is concerned...

Most of the characterization of Rosie is direct, meaning that Squeaky, the narrator, describes her specifically.  There is also some indirect characterization because Rosie is described through her actions and words.


An example of the direct characterization is Squeaky’s introduction of Rosie.  She is upset because Rosie makes fun of her brother Raymond, who has special needs. 



Rosie … is as fat as I am skinny and has a big mouth where Raymond is concerned and is too stupid to know that there is not a big deal of difference between herself and Raymond and that she can’t afford to throw stones.



Rosie has also been hanging out with the new girl Gretchen.  Rosie, Mary Louise, and Gretchen seem to go around together a lot.  Squeaky is not included.  She feels left out, because Mary Louise used to be her friend before Gretchen came. She never liked Rosie, because of her attitude apparently.


Squeaky describes Rosie as “salty.”  By this she means that Rosie is sassy or rude.



“I don’t think you’re going to win this time,” says Rosie, trying to signify with her hands on her hips all salty, completely forgetting that I have whupped her behind many times for less salt than that.



When Squeaky tells them not to say anything about Raymond, Rosie sasses her with “What are you, his mother?” and Squeaky responds that she will be the mother of anyone who messes with him.  Squeaky calls Rosie stupid and fat because she doesn’t like the way she acts toward Raymond.  She feels that Rosie is mean, and they fight.


Squeaky is not afraid to stand up for herself, and not afraid to fight for Raymond.  She feels that since he is different, she has to protect him.  Mary Louise asks an innocent question about him, but Rosie turns the conversation mean and that’s when Squeaky gets threatening.  That is an example of indirect characterization of Rosie.

What is the moral of Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone by J. K. Rowling?

One of the morals of the story is that you never know what you are capable of until you try. Harry was faced with extraordinary circumstances, and he was able to rise to the challenge.  He found reserves of bravery within himself, as well as special abilities.


Harry Potter had no idea that he was a wizard, of course.  When he was eleven years old, he found out he was a wizard and was whisked...

One of the morals of the story is that you never know what you are capable of until you try. Harry was faced with extraordinary circumstances, and he was able to rise to the challenge.  He found reserves of bravery within himself, as well as special abilities.


Harry Potter had no idea that he was a wizard, of course.  When he was eleven years old, he found out he was a wizard and was whisked off to wizarding school.  That was pretty unusual.  Until then, he had no idea he was “The Boy Who Lived” or that he had famous parents.


From the beginning, Harry exhibited traits of bravery and curiosity.  He saw Hagrid take something from a vault at Gringotts, and he wanted to protect it.  He thought that it was Snape who was after it, and about that he was wrong, but at least he tried to protect Hogwarts.  Harry made friends based on their character traits and not prestige.  He discovered that he had talents he never knew he had, including an aptitude to play the sport Quidditch.


Harry risked his life to follow the Sorceror’s Stone deep into the castle to stop anyone from taking it.  He thought it was Snape, but it turned out to be Quirrell. Harry was brave enough to fight off Quirrell, even though he was harboring Voldemort.



Harry jumped to his feet, caught Quirrell by the arm, and hung on as tight as he could. Quirrell screamed and tried to throw Harry off – the pain in Harry's head was building -- he couldn't see -- he could only hear Quirrell's terrible shrieks and Voldemort's yells of, "KILL HIM!... (Ch. 17) 



Harry is later told by Dumbledore that he saved the stone because he wanted to rescue it, and not use it.  In this way, the person who took the stone had to have good intentions. Harry had good intentions, whereas Quirrell and Voldemort did not. 



You see, only one who wanted to find the Stone -- find it, but not use it -- would be able to get it, otherwise they'd just see themselves making gold or drinking Elixir of Life. (Ch. 17) 



Voldemort got away, but he did not get the stone.  This was directly a result of Harry’s bravery.  He found that he had many traits he did not realize he had before he went off to wizarding school.

What happens during the Ambassador's garden party in Pygmalion?

The Ambassador's garden party is the culmination of what might appear to be the major plot arc of the play. Higgins has made a bet with Colonel Pickering that he will be able, in six months of language instruction, to pass off Eliza Doolittle, a cockney flower girl, as a Duchess in high society. The Ambassador's garden party is chosen as the setting in which this feat will be accomplished. Not only has Eliza had lessons...

The Ambassador's garden party is the culmination of what might appear to be the major plot arc of the play. Higgins has made a bet with Colonel Pickering that he will be able, in six months of language instruction, to pass off Eliza Doolittle, a cockney flower girl, as a Duchess in high society. The Ambassador's garden party is chosen as the setting in which this feat will be accomplished. Not only has Eliza had lessons in language and deportment, but she is exquisitely dressed wearing expensive rented jewelry. 


In the original version of the play, the garden party scene was not shown on stage but Eliza's triumph was discussed in Higgins' house after the two men and Eliza had returned home after the party. Shaw later added a scene in which Eliza and Higgins meet Nepommuck, one of Higgins' former students, at the embassy party, Although Higgins is concerned that Nepommuck will discover the ruse by means of his linguistic expertise, Nepommuck only surmises that Eliza is an Hungarian duchess because her English is far more perfect and precise than that of native speakers. Eliza is widely admired at the party.

What is the theme of Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye?

A theme of a work of literature is the message the author would like to convey. Most pieces of literature—especially novels—have multiple themes. When stating the theme of a novel, it is important that you can support that theme with details from the text. I will briefly go over some possible themes for The Catcher in the Rye.

Alienation from society: Holden constantly pushes people away. He has a hard time understanding people and fitting in with society. He calls most people “phonies” for behaving in ways that he does not believe are completely genuine, which is ironic because he has a penchant for lying. When he meets with Sally Hayes, he criticizes her for liking certain movies. He says of the movie they are going to see:



I didn't much want to see it, but I knew old Sally, the queen of the phonies, would start drooling all over the place when I told her I had tickets for that, because the Lunts were in it and all. She liked shows that are supposed to be very sophisticated and dry and all, with the Lunts and all. I don't.



Holden goes on to say that he doesn’t like most actors because they are fake. His inability to understand and enjoy the things most people around him enjoy makes it difficult for him to fit in. He's so hard on people for being "phony" or conforming with society that he manages to constantly push people away.


Loss of innocence: Throughout the novel, Holden is preoccupied with preserving the innocence of children, especially his younger sister, Phoebe. This is where the novel gets its title. When Pheobe asks Holden what he wants to be when he grows up, he responds:



I keep picturing all these little kids playing some game in this big field of rye and all. Thousands of little kids, and nobody's around--nobody big, I mean--except me. And I'm standing on the edge of some crazy cliff. What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliff--I mean if they're running and they don't look where they're going I have to come out from somewhere and catch them. That's all I'd do all day. I'd just be the catcher in the rye and all. I know it's crazy, but that's the only thing I'd really like to be. I know it's crazy.



His desire to be the “catcher in the rye” symbolizes his desire to protect childhood innocence and keep young people away from harm.


The search for human connection: Ironically, though Holden pushes people away, he spends much of the novel searching for a real human connection. He mentions wanting to call up various people, especially his old friend, Jane, just so that he can interact with someone he understands. When he is looking for his sister, Phoebe, in the park, he comes across a girl whose ice skate he helps tighten. He even tries to spend more time with her, showing his desperation to talk to someone he doesn't see as "phony":



I asked her if she'd care to have a hot chocolate or something with me, but she said no, thank you. She said she had to meet her friend. Kids always have to meet their friend. That kills me.



He doesn’t see that it is odd that he, a teenager, would ask a little kid to go for hot chocolate with him, but it’s because his intentions are innocent. He simply wants to connect.

What is the connection between the traditional gender role of domesticity and the way some women are treated in the workplace today?

Over the past fifty years, the developed world has seen a dramatic increase in the numbers of women in the workforce. Throughout history as well as in some places today, women have largely been limited to a role as wife, mother, and keeper of the house. Such a priority was placed on a woman's domestic capabilities that it was often impossible or utterly vulgar for a woman to seek a life outside of maternity and marriage. Though this attitude is not as pervasive today, this understanding of traditional gender roles still holds sway in how women are treated in the workplace.

Women in the workforce are often expected to take on junior roles to their male counterparts, or to be a part of supportive staff. For example, many people feel that women are better suited to be nurses than doctors, or secretaries rather than business people. There is an implication that women are either physically or mentally less capable of performing a job as compared to men, or that they may be unreliable and so should take a junior position. This "unreliability" is based on the expectation that a woman does or will have children, and that her role as a mother takes priority over work outside the home. 


What's more, even in places where gender equality may be a public value, the labor of women is systemically undervalued. Even in the United States, where gender equality is preached publicly, women are paid on average twenty to forty cents less per dollar than their male counterparts. Even with exactly the same education and training, and in performing the same tasks, women are routinely paid less than men. This disparity has its roots in the time when women were not allowed to be in control of their own money. It was not until 1974 in the United States that women were allowed to have a personal bank account-- previously, all money had to be deposited under the name of a male member of the family. Though women were increasingly entering the workforce in the United States as early as the 1950's, they were compensated with menial pay on the expectation that their husbands earned enough money to cover all family expenses. 


I do not mean to imply that prior to the 1950's no woman had ever worked outside of the home. This simply isn't true. As early as 4,000 years ago at Lagash, women were employed in large numbers in workshops for weaving. However, at this time the only women who really had a need to work outside the home were orphaned girls, sex workers, the disabled, and those who were otherwise unable to marry. In some parts of the world today, it is only women who cannot marry that work outside the home. Even in the developed Western world, such attitudes persisted until the early 20th century. Prior to the gender revolutions of the mid-20th century, the women who made up the workforce outside the home were fringe members of society.


Though it is not explicitly stated, many women are encouraged to undergo training and take on jobs which conform to traditional gender roles. Women may be encouraged to become a teacher or nurse because these are care-giving,  nurturing jobs. Even in the sciences, women may be pushed out of hard-science like chemistry in favor of the soft or social sciences because these appeal to a woman's "emotional nature." It is unfortunate that even in the most developed and egalitarian of societies, a woman might be expected to fulfill the role of mother-sister-wife to her coworkers when any man might just as well perform the associated tasks, and she might do just as well performing his. As with all systems of oppression, awareness is the first step to remedying this pervasive social structure.

What are the poetic devices used in the poem "The Listeners" by Walter de la Mare?

The imageryof silence is significant. Walter de la Mare fills the house with images of absence, silence, and even death. The listeners are "phantoms." Taken literally, this could mean they are dead or absent, but it could also imply they are there in the house and just refuse to answer the Traveller. Even though the Traveller might think people are actually home, those people might as well be phantoms because they refuse to answer...

The imagery of silence is significant. Walter de la Mare fills the house with images of absence, silence, and even death. The listeners are "phantoms." Taken literally, this could mean they are dead or absent, but it could also imply they are there in the house and just refuse to answer the Traveller. Even though the Traveller might think people are actually home, those people might as well be phantoms because they refuse to answer him. The listeners are in the "quiet of the moonlight" and the Traveller is the "voice from the world of men." This imagery suggests the listeners are part of nature itself and the traveler is a lone man asking questions but receiving no replies. The latter is more philosophical because it suggests a man asking questions by himself.


Taken literally, this is a man asking for communication at the door of a house. One could interpret the poem in a broader metaphorical way, though, by arguing the poem shows how every individual seeks communication and acknowledgment from others. It is a social yearning we all have. It also describes the experience of how every individual asks questions (of other people, God, or nature) but does not always receive a response. So, metaphorically speaking, the Traveler is anyone who seeks these things. In this way, the entire poem is a literary device: a metaphor of how every individual reaches out for answers.


As the Traveler leaves, the listeners wait for the noise to fade away. The poet uses alliteration to suggest the sound of a light breeze, whispering, or a susurration:



And how the silence surged softly backward


In the play The Diary of Anne Frank, how does Anne and Peter's relationship change over the course of act 2, scenes 1 and 2?

In the play The Diary of Anne Frank, Anne and Peter's relationship changes in act 2, scenes 1 and 2 because tension in the annex is growing among the adults, and the fact that the children are also maturing. For example, after Peter accidentally smashes a light that scares a burglar away, Mr. Kraler announces in scene 1 that a workman wants blackmail money not to report them. Dussel blames Peter, which starts an...

In the play The Diary of Anne Frank, Anne and Peter's relationship changes in act 2, scenes 1 and 2 because tension in the annex is growing among the adults, and the fact that the children are also maturing. For example, after Peter accidentally smashes a light that scares a burglar away, Mr. Kraler announces in scene 1 that a workman wants blackmail money not to report them. Dussel blames Peter, which starts an even bigger argument, and soon everyone is yelling. As a result, Anne blows up at the adults and storms off. Peter takes her the piece of cake she left behind, and this is when they first confide in each other about their struggles living in the annex with such stressed adults. 


By the second scene, Anne is shown trying on clothes with Margot and getting ready for her first date with Peter. Then, during their meeting in Peter's room, not only does the couple talk about kissing and proper courtship, but they also talk about friends and having seen each other at school before going into hiding. They discuss how each one felt about the other when they first met compared to becoming interested in each other, now. They realize how much they have matured while in hiding. This date helps to close the chapter on their past, in a way, as they approach a more intimate relationship at the present. Happily for Anne, she leaves after receiving a kiss on her cheek from Peter. The kiss definitely symbolizes growth and intention towards their new relationship as they leave their more immature one in the past. 

What is the role of irony in "The Lost Jewels" by Tagore?

The story begins with a conversation between a merchant and a schoolmaster. The merchant is on a sabbatical of sorts; he's staying in a house by a certain river. The schoolmaster proceeds to tell the merchant an unfortunate story about the previous owner of the house, one Bhusan Saha, who was reputed to be the heir to a large fortune.

Bhusan Saha was a college-educated gentleman possessed of an unusually beautiful wife. Although his wife, Mani, reveled in her husband's generosity, she eventually became disenchanted with his passivity. The schoolmaster asserts that, under "the spell of modern civilization," man had lost the "God-given power of his barbaric nature" and "was therefore, neither successful in business nor in his own home." It transpired that Bhusan, hard-pressed for a way out of his financial troubles, was afraid to even broach the topic of his distress with his wife.


For her part, Mani eventually disappeared with her jewels. The story is that Mani, with her jewels intact on her person, had eventually committed suicide in the river.


In the story, Tagore uses situational irony to highlight the role of feminine and masculine energy in the area of attraction. He asserts that "the ordinary female is fond of sour green mangoes, hot chilies, and a stern husband. A man need not necessarily be ugly or poor to be cheated of his wife's love; but he is sure to lose it if he is too gentle." Here, Tagore describes the idea of polarization as a factor in attraction: opposites attract, just as the different poles of a magnet attract each other. In the story, instead of preserving his wife's love with his gentle submissiveness, Bhusan effectively causes his wife to respond with contempt and apathy.


Tagore also uses dramatic irony to characterize his short story as an allegory involving different manifestations of revered Hindu gods and goddesses. Dramatic irony is usually used by an author to create tension and mystery; in this short story, Tagore uses this literary device to perfection. At the end of the story, we learn that the merchant is the supposed Bhusan Saha from the schoolmaster's story, and his wife, Mani, is really Nitya Kali, a Hindu goddess who manifests herself in different forms. The intricate dance between feminine and masculine characteristics in each of Nitya Kali's manifestations is a representation of polarization in the realm of Hindu spirituality.


If you like, please refer to my answer about characterizations of Hindu gods and goddesses in the story.


In your opinion, is Frampton Nuttel or Vera the more likable character in "The Open Window" by Saki?

Framton Nuttel does not seem like a particularly attractive or likeable character. He seems to have been created to serve as the ideal victim for young Vera. He is neurotic and self-centered. Mrs. Sappleton describes him to her husband after Nuttel has fled.


"A most extraordinary man, a Mr. Nuttel," said Mrs. Sappleton; "could only talk about his illnesses, and dashed off without a word of goodbye or apology when you arrived. One would think he had seen a ghost."



Even Mrs. Sappleton, who leads a boring life, finds Nuttel boring. People who are always talking about their illnesses are never likeable. We start wondering whether some of those illnesses might be contagious. They make us feel a little bit itchy. We are not doctors and don't know how to respond except to ask, "Have you seen a doctor?" Which brings up another whole megillah. Framton can, and does, talk about all the doctors he has seen and what they have told him.



"The doctors agree in ordering me complete rest, an absence of mental excitement, and avoidance of anything in the nature of violent physical exercise," announced Framton, who laboured under the tolerably widespread delusion that total strangers and chance acquaintances are hungry for the least detail of one's ailments and infirmities, their cause and cure. 



Nuttel is obviously going to be a crushing bore for however long he remains a social obligation here. Vera is doing the whole family a favor by scaring him into leaving so unceremoniously.


Vera, on the other hand, is likeable because, for one thing, she has a sense of humor. We like her for her poise, her intelligence, and her well-hidden girlish mischievousness. She is like the one ray of fun in this terribly stodgy English country family, where nobody ever talks about anything but shooting birds. The fact that Vera has to eat a lot of wild fowl at dinner, and occasionally bites into a lead pellet, probably adds to her dislike of the whole subject of killing birds. It is because of all the talk about bird-shooting that she is able to know what her aunt will talk about when she appears and what the three men will look like when they arrive for tea. She will even foretell that one of them will sing out, "I said, Bertie, why do you bound?"


We can sympathize with Vera because she is a teenager who is kept a virtual prisoner in this stultifying house. A good fiction writer always introduces his characters "in character." That is, in doing something characteristic. Vera introduces herself as a substitute hostess.



"My aunt will be down presently, Mr. Nuttel," said a very self-possessed young lady of fifteen; "in the meantime you must try and put up with me."



She knows she is being groomed to marry some country gentleman and become a housewife not unlike her Aunt Sappleton, whom she despises. There was probably no urgent need for Mrs. Sappleton to send Vera on ahead to greet the visitor, but it was an opportunity to give Vera a bit of experience in playing hostess. Vera takes maximum advantage of that opportunity--but not in the way her aunt would have wanted.


We like this precocious girl because she is rebellious, mischievous, and full of spirit. We are pleased to see that she gets by with her prank when she invents another story to explain the strange behavior of Framton Nuttel. His headlong flight does not seem deplorable but funny and maybe even the kind of mental cleansing and vigorous exercise he has been needing.



Framton grabbed wildly at his stick and hat; the hall door, the gravel drive, and the front gate were dimly noted stages in his headlong retreat. A cyclist coming along the road had to run into the hedge to avoid imminent collision.


There was a death in Max's early life. Who was it, when was it, and what were the circumstances surrounding their death?

In the novel The Sea, by John Banville, we follow the life of Max Morden, an old man who returns to the seaside town where he spent a summer fifty years earlier. His wife has recently died, and he is revisited by memories of an earlier death that he experienced during the summer that he was there. During that earlier time, he became acquainted with a family, the Graces, who he was infatuated and...

In the novel The Sea, by John Banville, we follow the life of Max Morden, an old man who returns to the seaside town where he spent a summer fifty years earlier. His wife has recently died, and he is revisited by memories of an earlier death that he experienced during the summer that he was there. During that earlier time, he became acquainted with a family, the Graces, who he was infatuated and a little obsessed with. He thought that he was in love with the mother, Connie, but he also had a strange relationship with her daughter, Chloe, and became friends with Chloe's twin, Myles. Throughout their friendship, Chloe made it known that she was attracted to Max, kissing him flagrantly and taking him by surprise. Eventually, he overheard some words between Rose, the nanny, and Mrs. Grace that he thought mean that Rose and Mr. Grace were having an affair. Later, Rose and Max watched helplessly from the shore as the twins drowned in the sea. Max had told them that he believed Rose and Mr. Grace were having an affair. Being twins, Chloe and Myles did everything together; they were inseparable. So it follows that they would have been together when they died. It is a very symbolic incident for Max and one that defines his childhood, because it was a summer in which he "came of age" in more ways than one and learned that all actions have consequences.

In Two Kinds by Amy Tan, why is there a clash between mother and daughter and what is the result of the clash?

In "Two Kinds," Jing-Mei Woo and her mother, Suyuan, clash over Suyuan's expectations about her daughter's abilities. Suyuan wants her daughter to become a prodigy. Because of children like Shirley Temple and Waverly Jong (a family friend's daughter, who is a chess prodigy), Suyuan thinks being a child prodigy would be fairly easy for Jing-Mei to do if she practices enough. Jing-Mei initially likes the idea of being a prodigy, but after she does not...

In "Two Kinds," Jing-Mei Woo and her mother, Suyuan, clash over Suyuan's expectations about her daughter's abilities. Suyuan wants her daughter to become a prodigy. Because of children like Shirley Temple and Waverly Jong (a family friend's daughter, who is a chess prodigy), Suyuan thinks being a child prodigy would be fairly easy for Jing-Mei to do if she practices enough. Jing-Mei initially likes the idea of being a prodigy, but after she does not improve as quickly as she would like, she gives up on the idea of being a prodigy and decides not to try at piano anymore. Her mother continues to make her go to piano lessons and practice for two hours every day, though. Jing-Mei quickly realizes that her teacher, Mr. Chong, is deaf. She uses this information to her advantage by making it look like she is playing in time, but does not try to hit the correct notes.


When Jing-Mei plays piano poorly at the talent show in front of her family and her mother's friends and children, Suyuan does not say anything, but it is very clear that she is upset Jing-Mei did not play better. Two days later, Suyuan asks Jing-Mei why she is not practicing piano at the time she is supposed to be. Jing-Mei tells her mother that she is never playing piano again, which makes Suyuan upset. Ultimately, Suyuan tells her daughter she needs to be obedient. This prompts Jing-Mei to say she wishes Suyuan wasn't her mother or that she was dead "like them." This reference to Suyuan's twin babies that she had to abandon in China is the height of their clash, and Suyuan leaves immediately afterward.

Is ice, wood, soil, or air homogeneous?

Homogeneous mixtures are uniform or consistent in their phase and composition. In a homogeneous mixture, the elements forming the mixture do not remain physically distinct. On the other hand, heterogeneous mixtures are not uniform or consistent in their phase and/ or composition. The elements forming the mixture remain physically distinct. A mixture of oil and water is heterogeneous because the two don’t mix, and the elements remain distinct.


Ice is heterogeneous because it is characterized...

Homogeneous mixtures are uniform or consistent in their phase and composition. In a homogeneous mixture, the elements forming the mixture do not remain physically distinct. On the other hand, heterogeneous mixtures are not uniform or consistent in their phase and/ or composition. The elements forming the mixture remain physically distinct. A mixture of oil and water is heterogeneous because the two don’t mix, and the elements remain distinct.


Ice is heterogeneous because it is characterized by the solid and liquid phases.


Wood is considered heterogeneous because it is characterized by differences in its grains. A piece of wood exhibits different properties in different parts with regards to toughness, color, and texture.


Soil is also considered heterogeneous because it is made up of different types of matter (plant matter and grit).


Air is homogeneous because its elements cannot be visibly distinguished.

How would you explain the metaphor of the hypodermic needle in the fifth stanza of "Trumpet Player"? Does Hughes mean that music is the needle that...

In the last stanza of "Trumpet Player," Hughes writes that "It's hypodermic needle / to his soul." Yes, this means that the music the trumpet player makes soothes some of his pain and acts like a tonic to him. The effect of this metaphor is to emphasize how strongly music acts upon the performer. It's also a reference to the earlier lines that read, "that is longing for the sea / where the sea's a...

In the last stanza of "Trumpet Player," Hughes writes that "It's hypodermic needle / to his soul." Yes, this means that the music the trumpet player makes soothes some of his pain and acts like a tonic to him. The effect of this metaphor is to emphasize how strongly music acts upon the performer. It's also a reference to the earlier lines that read, "that is longing for the sea / where the sea's a bar-glass / sucker size." In these lines, the trumpet player's desire for the sea, and his desire to overcome his pain, cause him to turn to a "bar-glass," or to drinking. The contrast between the bar glass and the hypodermic needle is that the trumpet player is drowning his sorrows by drinking but the music, like a drug, lifts his soul. The poem is about the ways in which the trumpet player's music is an expression of both joy and pain, particularly pain from the past, including slavery. The metaphors of the needle and the bar glass continue the idea that his music combines elements of both joy and pain. 

What are the contributions of Carl Linnaeus?

Carolus Linnaeus was instrumental in developing a system for the classification of living things. It is known as binomial nomenclature. It is still used today.


Each species is assigned a two-name scientific name that is universally understood by all scientists. It is generally written in Latin. By the 1700's, the names that scientists used to classify organisms were generally long and very confusing. The system devised by Linnaeus made taxonomy (the naming of organisms)...

Carolus Linnaeus was instrumental in developing a system for the classification of living things. It is known as binomial nomenclature. It is still used today.


Each species is assigned a two-name scientific name that is universally understood by all scientists. It is generally written in Latin. By the 1700's, the names that scientists used to classify organisms were generally long and very confusing. The system devised by Linnaeus made taxonomy (the naming of organisms) much simpler.


The genus name is assigned because it represents a group of closely related species. An example of this is the genus Canis. This represents organisms that are in the canine group including dogs, jackals and wolves.


The next part of the scientific name is the species name. The definition of a species is a group of organisms who can interbreed. Canis lupus is the scientific name for gray wolves.


During Linneaeus' time organisms were categorized into categories from most general to most specific in the following order: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species. Based on evidence of the time, classification was mainly done based on similarities that could be observed. Today, evolutionary relationships, DNA evidence, etc. help scientists to classify organisms in a more precise way.

How does Shakespeare make Macbeth's "Is this a dagger which I see before me / The handle toward my hand?" soliloquy a dramatically effective...

The "Is this a dagger which I see before me" soliloquy in Shakespeare's Macbeth is dramatically effective for many reasons, but I'd like to focus on Shakespeare's use of apostrophe. As a recap, an apostrophe (not to be confused with the punctuation point) is an address, either to a character who isn't present, or to an abstract idea or personified object. Shakespeare uses apostrophe to great effect in many of his plays, and his use...

The "Is this a dagger which I see before me" soliloquy in Shakespeare's Macbeth is dramatically effective for many reasons, but I'd like to focus on Shakespeare's use of apostrophe. As a recap, an apostrophe (not to be confused with the punctuation point) is an address, either to a character who isn't present, or to an abstract idea or personified object. Shakespeare uses apostrophe to great effect in many of his plays, and his use of it in Macbeth's soliloquy in Act 2, Scene 1 is one of the best examples of the literary device (and also my personal favorite).


Macbeth uses an apostrophe to address the hallucination of a dagger. Since this soliloquy occurs directly before he murders King Duncan, it's a very dramatically effective moment. For example, the hallucination of a knife comes to personify Macbeth's murderous ambition. Moreover, it proves that Macbeth is beginning to become unhinged and is preparing to slide into insanity. As such, the apostrophe in this soliloquy creates ominous foreshadowing that hints at the violent deeds to happen off-stage, and it also gives us an insight into Macbeth's personal degeneration. As such, the soliloquy as a whole becomes a tense moment upheld by robust poetry. 


Because the soliloquy is a long one, there are many other ways that it is dramatically effective, and I'd encourage you to explore those different possible ways for yourself. However, for me, the soliloquy's apostrophe to the imagined dagger is its most dramatically effective moment. 

In Heartbreak House, Shaw exposes the spiritual bankruptcy of his generation. Do you agree?

Shaw exposes the spiritual bankruptcy of his generation. In this Shavian parody, the spiritual emptiness of the bourgeoisie at the time of World War I is satirized. For example, Mrs. Hushabye and her husband survive because of the earnings of their father, the inventor Captain Shotover. He is an odd man who fools around with dynamite. As the family is running out of funds, he must invent something horrific, a weapon, to earn more money. Their...

Shaw exposes the spiritual bankruptcy of his generation. In this Shavian parody, the spiritual emptiness of the bourgeoisie at the time of World War I is satirized. For example, Mrs. Hushabye and her husband survive because of the earnings of their father, the inventor Captain Shotover. He is an odd man who fools around with dynamite. As the family is running out of funds, he must invent something horrific, a weapon, to earn more money. Their quest for money, even urging Captain Shotover to create a weapon while they live an empty and useless existence, is a sign of their spiritual bankruptcy.


Ellie Dunn, for her part, wants to marry someone who will take care of her. She agrees to marry Boss Mangan because he is rich, though it is later revealed that he has no money. She says that "a soul is a very expensive thing to keep: much more so than a motor car," showing the extent to which she equates her soul with money. Ellie ultimately marries Shotover, though he has a Jamaican wife, perhaps because he is old and she won't have to put up with him for long. Her choices are superficial and spiritually corrupt. In the end, the party at Heartbreak House is bombed, and, rather than being frightened, the upper-class members of the party refuse to turn off the lights. Instead, the two lower-class members of the party are killed, and the upper-class people hope the bombers will return the next night. Their willingness to be bombed and their superficial and naive attitude about the bombs are the ultimate sign of their spiritual bankruptcy.

Why do some people use installment loans to obtain a much needed asset?

An installment loan is technically any loan that is repaid in several installments rather than in a lump sum. The reasons that people take out installment loans are twofold: first, they may not have adequate cash on hand to buy the asset; second, they may have investments that are more profitable than the interest rate on the loan. If one will receive, for example, a 10 percent return on an investment and can obtain a...

An installment loan is technically any loan that is repaid in several installments rather than in a lump sum. The reasons that people take out installment loans are twofold: first, they may not have adequate cash on hand to buy the asset; second, they may have investments that are more profitable than the interest rate on the loan. If one will receive, for example, a 10 percent return on an investment and can obtain a loan with a 5 percent interest rate, taking out a loan and placing cash in the investment is a financially prudent move. 


Perhaps the most common type of installment loan is a home mortgage. There are several reasons why people take out mortgages to buy homes. First, they may not wish to wait to buy a home until they have saved up the full purchase price. Second, it often makes financial sense to buy rather than rent, since mortgage payments build equity and provide tax deductions, while money spent on renting does not do so. Lifestyle factors are also important, as one has far greater control over a space one owns than over a rented space. 


Another common type of installment loan is a car loan. For most people, the choice between buying a car with a loan and leasing a car is one which depends on price over the period of ownership. Especially if one intends to keep a car for 5-10 years, buying a car with a loan may be less expensive than leasing.

How does the poet describe the atmosphere in the poem "The Listeners"?

The atmosphere of "The Listeners" is eerie and quiet.


The speaker directly tells readers that the area is quiet. We are told that the horse eats grasses in silence. We are also told that the traveler's voice and knocking are the only sounds disturbing the "stillness." In fact, "still" and "stillness" are used three times throughout the poem. No movement means silence. Sound is created through vibrations, so no vibrations means no sounds. The quietness...

The atmosphere of "The Listeners" is eerie and quiet.


The speaker directly tells readers that the area is quiet. We are told that the horse eats grasses in silence. We are also told that the traveler's voice and knocking are the only sounds disturbing the "stillness." In fact, "still" and "stillness" are used three times throughout the poem. No movement means silence. Sound is created through vibrations, so no vibrations means no sounds. The quietness of the area is also indirectly described. Readers are told that the house is alone in a forested area. If you've ever been in a thick forest, you've experienced how all of the trees, bushes, grasses, etc. have the ability to muffle sound.


The entire atmosphere of the poem is made eerie by placing the house alone in a forested area. Add to that the fact that the traveler is at the house at night. Forests and night often give readers and audiences foreboding feelings. The eerie feelings are compounded by the silence and the fact that the narrator repeatedly tells readers about "listeners" in and around the house. We have no idea who or what these listeners are, so our imaginations start to come up with all kinds of fantastical possibilities. Most of those possibilities are not calm, logical possibilities, either.

The African slaves who arrived in the English colonies in the seventeenth century________. a) had no prior exposure to slavery in Africa b)...

The correct answer is C.

There was a slave system that had existed in West Africa prior to the Age of Exploration and Conquest. However, the slave system that existed bore no resemblance to that which developed in the New World in the 18th- and 19th-centuries. Firstly, one would not be in bondage for a lifetime. Secondly, the slave system more closely resembled a system of apprenticeship. A young man would be captured from a neighboring tribe, as part of the spoils of war, then kept as a slave for a number of years. During those years, he would learn a skill, then would be freed and allowed to apply that skill toward making a living for himself and his family. Thirdly, there is no evidence showing that the system of cruel and inhumane retribution that existed in the New World also existed in West Africa. There was also no concerted effort to keep slaves in states of ignorance and degradation.


West Africans who were captured and brought to the New World were followers of Islam, not Christianity. The Kingdom of Mali, for example, accepted Islam in the early fourteenth century. Islam reached West Africa as a result of trade with North African states.


Lastly, as with many societies, there were class divisions in West African kingdoms. Kingdoms are defined by class division. Each kingdom was comprised of village states headed by a particular family. Village states were formed by clans, or families, who shared common ancestry. Each African king had a group of ministers and advisers. Strong village states, which were comprised of a strong military, good leadership, and ample resources (e.g., livestock) could grow into powerful kingdoms. The kingdoms of Mali and Songhay were characterized by such strength.


Now, let's focus on why "C" is the correct answer. The first Africans were brought to the New World in the 16th-century. The Norton Anthology of American Literature and John Hope Franklin's From Slavery to Freedom: A History of African Americans claim that the first slaves were brought to Hispaniola (the island now comprised of both Haiti and the Dominican Republic) in 1502, and into other parts of Latin America in the second decade of the sixteenth century. Most West Africans were taken to Brazil and the Caribbean.


Brazil, a nation which currently has the largest population of black people outside of Nigeria, received about forty-five percent of the slaves transported across the Atlantic. Islands in the Caribbean, particularly the Barbados, which had a thriving sugar trade, received another forty-five percent. The thirteen colonies only received around five percent, while the other five percent of slaves were scattered throughout the Americas. 


The response in Answer C is slightly misleading. For, the Caribbean is, of course, a part of North America. Slaves who first disembarked in the Barbados might have been shipped North to other thriving commercial colonies, such as South Carolina or Virginia. By 1834, the British abolished slavery in all of its colonies. Demand for slaves declined in Virginia, though not in South Carolina, in the 1820s as a result of dropping prices for tobacco. As a result, many Virginia slaves were frequently shipped to the Deep South (e.g., East Texas, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Alabama) where the cotton trade thrived. 

What are the key quotations that show the intense love shared between Romeo and Juliet?

Looking up at Juliet's balcony, Romeo asks, "But soft, what light through yonder window breaks? / It is the East, and Juliet is the sun" (2.2.2-3).  This metaphor, comparing Juliet to the sun, shows just how important she has already become to him, how intense his love for her is.  We need the sun in order to survive; it makes human life possible.  Therefore, Romeo equates her with one of the most vital necessities we...

Looking up at Juliet's balcony, Romeo asks, "But soft, what light through yonder window breaks? / It is the East, and Juliet is the sun" (2.2.2-3).  This metaphor, comparing Juliet to the sun, shows just how important she has already become to him, how intense his love for her is.  We need the sun in order to survive; it makes human life possible.  Therefore, Romeo equates her with one of the most vital necessities we have; it is as though he requires her to live -- this is how strong his love feels already.


Later, when Juliet sends her nurse to Romeo after he's been banished for slaying her cousin, Tybalt, she says, "Give this ring to my true knight / And bid him come to take his last farewell" (3.3.155-156).  Despite the fact that he has murdered Tybalt, Juliet's love for him remains strong.  In fact, she sends a ring to help lift his spirits, and she calls him her "true knight," implying that she only sees him as chivalrous and virtuous and good.  Her love is so intense that even Romeo's terrible error in judgment cannot damage it.


In Juliet's tomb, believing her to be dead, Romeo says, "Shall I believe / That unsubstantial death is amorous, / And that the lean abhorred monster keeps / Thee here in dark to be his paramour? / For fear of that I still will stay with thee / And never from this palace of dim night / Depart again" (5.3.102-107).  Romeo's love of Juliet is so strong that he doesn't even want her to exist in death without him.  If she is dead, then he wants to be dead too.  It is as though he would protect her no matter what, and so he must stay with her forever -- whether in life or in death.  Their love is so intense that neither one can conceive of a life without the other.

What are the problems with Uganda's government?

Youth unemployment and corruption are two problems that face the Ugandan government. Modern governments all over the world face many problem...