Do you think that the narrator is mentally ill to begin with, or has something else caused her to become mentally ill in "The Yellow Wallpaper"?

In the beginning of the narrative of "The Yellow Wallpaper," the narrator is suffering from what is now referred to as postpartum depression. This develops because of hormonal changes in women after childbirth. But, because of her forced confinement by her husband and physician, as well as her isolation from her baby and family and friends, the woman in this story becomes worse in her ability to think clearly and control her emotions.

According to the Mayo Clinic, among the many symptoms of this postpartum depression are these:

• Feelings of worthlessness, shame, guilt, or inadequacy


• Diminished ability to think clearly, concentrate or make decisions

"The Yellow Wallpaper" was published in 1892 as a criticism of the medical treatment that was prescribed at the time by Dr. Silas Weir Mitchell to women who suffered from what was then termed "nervous prostration," or "neurasthenia." This story is an indictment of the insensitivity demonstrated by male physicians to female patients who suffered from the depression that often follows childbirth.

The insensitivity to the woman's condition oppresses her in her marriage, and deprives her of her voice. Her doctor and husband tell her that she merely suffers from a "temporary nervous depression--a slight hysterical tendency." She is virtually incarcerated in a room of a strange house without any access to the lovely garden outside. Her feelings are ignored as she is placed in a room with bars on the windows and wallpaper that is stripped off in patches. What is there is hideous to the woman's artistic eye:

One of those sprawling flamboyant patterns committing every artistic sin....when you follow the lame uncertain curves for a little distance they suddenly commit suicide--plunge off at outrageous angles, and destroy themselves in unheard of contradictions. 

But, when she complains to her husband, he simply tells her, 

I must use my will and self-control and not let my silly fancies run away with me. 

When the narrator begs to go home, her husband denies her desires. In addition, he deprecates her creative powers of "story-making" and refuses to change the wallpaper and "give way to such fancies."

Isolated in a room that is repugnant to her with its hideous yellow wallpaper and "inharmonious" furniture, and without any outlet for her thoughts and feelings, the woman's imagination becomes overactive:

I...lie there for hours trying to decide whether that front pattern and the back pattern really did move together or separately. 

Because she is trapped in a room she finds hideous, the woman finally is seduced into an act of insanity that is committed in order to relieve her obsession with thoughts of entrapment.
Furthermore, she becomes mentally ill because of the insensitivity of her husband and Dr. Mitchell, who never recognize her symptoms or listen to her ideas and requests. Instead, they force her to remain alone in a room she detests without any outlets for her frustrations. 

In To kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, why was Tom Robinson looked upon as the "mockingbird?"

In To Kill a Mockingbird, Atticus tells Scout and Jem never to shoot a mockingbird. When Scout asks Miss Maudie why, Miss Maudie says, “Mockingbirds don’t do one thing but make music for us to enjoy. They don’t eat up people’s gardens, don’t nest in corncribs, they don’t do one thing but sing their hearts out for us. That’s why it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird.” In other words, mockingbirds are defenseless and loving creatures. They injure no one and only try to add to other people's enjoyment of life. Tom Robinson is a mockingbird-like creature because he is also defenseless. He does not injure Mayella Ewell and only wants to help her and pay her some attention because he senses that she is lonely. In addition, one of his arms was horribly mangled in a childhood accident, so he could not injure anyone. He is, however, wrongfully convicted of raping Mayella Ewell by a racist jury in Alabama in the 1930s. His wrongful conviction is akin to someone injuring a mockingbird because Tom is an innocent and defenseless man. 

Metaphors-Would you say the speaker has a positive, negative, or neutral attitude toward her pregnancy? Which metaphors give you this impression?

I would say that the speaker of this poem has a negative attitude toward her pregnancy.  Typically, a woman who calls herself, or is called, an "elephant" or is said to be as big as a "house" is not receiving a compliment.  Further, and perhaps more tellingly, the speaker says that "Money's new-minted in this fat purse."  In this metaphor, the baby is the thing of value, the money, and she is simply the "fat...

I would say that the speaker of this poem has a negative attitude toward her pregnancy.  Typically, a woman who calls herself, or is called, an "elephant" or is said to be as big as a "house" is not receiving a compliment.  Further, and perhaps more tellingly, the speaker says that "Money's new-minted in this fat purse."  In this metaphor, the baby is the thing of value, the money, and she is simply the "fat purse" that contains the valuable item.  Again, "fat" is also not a word that has a positive connotation: in this situation, used to describe a full purse,  "fat" takes on a bit of positivity, but only in relation to the fact that the purse is fat because it contains so much of something so valuable.  It is the money that it important, not the purse.

Also, we might describe something as "a means to an end," and the end is the important thing.  However, here, the speaker is simply the "means," and we can assume that the baby is the end.  The baby is, thus, the important thing; the mother, less so.  Finally, the inevitability of the final metaphor which compares pregnancy to a train which one cannot get off makes it seem as though, if the speaker had a choice, she would choose to get off that train.  All this appears to confirm the speaker's negative attitude toward her pregnancy.

How is Juana's life changed by the scorpion bite in The Pearl?

After the scorpion bites her baby, Juana's simple, but relatively peaceful life becomes disturbed and complicated by reversals of fortune.

Before her baby is bitten by the scorpion, Juana is content with her simple life as peasant. She sings softly in the morning as she prepares a meal:

Juana sang softly an ancient song that had only three notes and yet endless variety of interval....Sometimes it rose to an aching chord that caught the throat saying this is safety, this is warmth, this is the Whole.

However, the "Whole" is shattered with the events subsequent to the incident of the scorpion. Then, the "Song of Evil" enters her family's lives. As a result of their fear of the baby's dying from the scorpion bite, Kino seeks the doctor, but when he sees that Kino is a peasant without money, the doctor tells his servant to say that he is out. An angered Kino strikes the gate with his fist, bringing blood to his knuckles.

After this rejection, Kino decides that he must dive deeper into the ocean than he usually does in order to find a pearl with which to hire a doctor. Ironically, while she waits on Kino, Juana makes a poultice of seaweed that is "as good a remedy as any" for the baby. Finally, Kino comes onto shore with a magnificent pearl. 
Thinking he has found "The Pearl of the World," Kino plans to return to the doctor. However, word of this pearl soon reaches others and they come to ask Kino for favors. The avaricious doctor pretends that the scorpion's bite, which appears to be healing, can become inflamed again, so he must treat it. When Kino tells him he can pay with the pearl he has found, the doctor acts as though he has no knowledge of this great pearl.
But that night the "Song of Evil" enters the home of Kino and Juana as a robber, who is probably sent by the doctor, sneaks around and, hearing him, Kino strikes "first blood."

Because they are but peasants, Kino and Juana are exploited. When Kino takes his pearl to the pearl dealers, who are really agents of the same dealer, they conspire and pretend that this beautiful pearl is worthless because it is over-sized. Their refusal to give him what he feels it is worth causes Kino to vow to go to Mexico City and sell it there. But their neighbors worry because other men who have tried to do the same thing have met harm or death.

"That good wife Juana...and the beautiful baby Coyotito, and the others to come. What a pity it would be if the pearl should destroy them all."

Their worries are prophetic. Despite Juana's efforts to stop him, Kino refuses to be cheated on this Pearl of the World. Then, after Kino kills a thief, Juana tells her husband,

"Kino, this pearl is evil. Let us destroy it before it destroys us. Let us crush it....Let us--let us throw it back in the sea where it belongs."

Nevertheless, Kino insists, "I will fight this thing." Tragically, however, Juana is wiser, for on their journey to the city, Kino kills another man, but not before the thief, believing that he has heard a coyote howl, shoots Coyotito as he wails in the night. After this tragic occurrence, Juana convinces Kino to walk with her to shore and toss back the pearl.

And the pearl was ugly; it was gray like a malignant growth.

Their simple, but loving and peaceful life broken by murders and the tragic loss of their baby, Juana and Kino's existence is forever altered. 

What is a summary of and background on the poem "My Own True Family" by Ted Hughes?

"My Own True Family" was published in a children's book by Ted Hughes called Meet My Family! with illustrations by George Adamson. The first edition of the volume, published on 7 April 1961 by Faber & Faber, did not include "My Own True Family." The poem "My Own True Family" and three other poems were added for a new Puffin Book edition published in August 1977.

The poem is organized into five three-line stanzas rhymed AAA BBB, etc. It...

"My Own True Family" was published in a children's book by Ted Hughes called Meet My Family! with illustrations by George Adamson. The first edition of the volume, published on 7 April 1961 by Faber & Faber, did not include "My Own True Family." The poem "My Own True Family" and three other poems were added for a new Puffin Book edition published in August 1977.

The poem is organized into five three-line stanzas rhymed AAA BBB, etc. It is narrated in the first person. As we discover in the final stanza, it is a dream narrative. We receive little information about the narrator other than that the narrator in real life was a "human child."

In the poem, the narrator encounters an old woman who captures the narrator and ties him to a stake. The narrator dreams that his is then surrounded by a staring tribe of oak spirits who make him promise, under the threat of death, that when he sees an oak tree chopped down he will always plant two in its place. When he returns to the waking world, he has a mystical connection to nature, as expressed in the lines:

When I came out of the oakwood, back to human company,

My walk was the walk of a human child, but my heart was a tree.

What causes the conflict between Squeaky and the other children?

Squeaky’s inner conflict, loyalty, and attitude create conflict with the other children in “Raymond’s Run” by Toni Cade Bambara.

Hazel Elizabeth Deborah Parker, who is known as Squeaky, is small in stature but big on attitude. She is fiercely loyal to her developmentally disabled brother, Raymond. Her only family responsibilities are to care for Raymond, and to keep him safe. When other children mock Raymond, she takes her job of defending him seriously. Squeaky would...

Squeaky’s inner conflict, loyalty, and attitude create conflict with the other children in “Raymond’s Run” by Toni Cade Bambara.

Hazel Elizabeth Deborah Parker, who is known as Squeaky, is small in stature but big on attitude. She is fiercely loyal to her developmentally disabled brother, Raymond. Her only family responsibilities are to care for Raymond, and to keep him safe. When other children mock Raymond, she takes her job of defending him seriously. Squeaky would rather fight and run than reason with people who poke fun at Raymond based on his disability.

But now, if anybody has anything to say to Raymond, anything to say about his big head, they have to come by me. And I don’t play the dozens or believe in standing around with somebody in my face doing a lot of talking. I much rather just knock you down and take my chances even if I am a little girl with skinny arms and a squeaky voice, which is how I got the name Squeaky. And if things get too rough, I run.

Her attitude about practicing to succeed also causes conflict. She cannot deal with the other girls who pretend they do not need to practice to be good at things such as playing the piano or excelling at spelling bees. Squeaky takes pride in her practice regimen that leads to her success as the fastest runner in the neighborhood. She cannot abide by false bravado.

Now some people like to act like things come easy to them, won’t let on that they practice. Not me.

In addition, Squeaky believes there are few role models for young girls to become real friends. In her mind, girls even have a hard time simply smiling at each other. She despises when girls are expected to be something they are not, and uses the example of her discomfort when she danced in the May Day festivities. Even though she was young, she realized girls were often asked to hide their true passions, such as running. This creates conflicts with her parents, especially her mother.

The biggest thing on the program is the May Pole dancing, which I can do without, thank you, even if my mother thinks it’s a shame I don’t take part and act like a girl for a change.

Squeaky is so engrossed by her inner conflict that she neglects to see the abilities of others. After the May Day run her feelings begin to slowly change.

In Golding's novel, how does the Lord of the Flies (the pig's head) represent the crumbling of civilization and humanity, false assumptions, and...

In Lord of the Flies, William Golding seeks to prove that humanity is innately evil. By using the most innocent creatures, children, he illustrates that even the most inexperienced and untouched will choose evil over good. 

Throughout the text, there are various symbols Golding uses to help develop this thesis. A central symbol is the pig's head, or Lord of the Flies. The pig's head becomes a symbol of the tenuous and disintegrating ties to...

In Lord of the Flies, William Golding seeks to prove that humanity is innately evil. By using the most innocent creatures, children, he illustrates that even the most inexperienced and untouched will choose evil over good. 

Throughout the text, there are various symbols Golding uses to help develop this thesis. A central symbol is the pig's head, or Lord of the Flies. The pig's head becomes a symbol of the tenuous and disintegrating ties to civilization when Jack and his hunters decide to mount the head on a stick. This initial act is one of reverence for their brutality. Jack instructs the boys to "sharpen a stick at both ends" in order to leave the head "for the beast. It's a gift" (197). This sacrifice for the "beastie" they believe is on the island signifies their propensity for savagery away from the binds, rules, and laws of civilization. The boys no longer have ties to the civil but worship the animalistic side of nature. 

The pig's head may also symbolize false assumptions because it represents the innate evil within the boys. The hunters' desire to kill clouds their judgment and blinds them to the possibility of returning to civilization. They become so focused on the hunt, torture, and killing of the pig, they fail to stop and think about the consequences of killing the sow. By doing so, they destroy their food source. This propensity toward evil is also demonstrated when Simon encounters the pig's head in the clearing. Simon is a symbol of goodness, and is a foil to the evil the pig's head symbolizes. Though imagined, the pig's head conveys to Simon, "There isn't anyone to help you. Only me. And I'm the Beast" (206). He then warns Simon

“I’m warning you. I’m going to get angry. D’you see? You’re not wanted. Understand? We are going to have fun on this island. Understand? We are going to have fun on this island! So don’t try it on, my poor misguided boy, or else—”

Simon found he was looking into a vast mouth. There was blackness within, a blackness that spread.

“—Or else,” said the Lord of the Flies, “we shall do you? See? Jack and Roger and Maurice and Robert and Bill and Piggy and Ralph. Do you. See?” (207).

This dialogue reveals that the assumption that the children are innocent simply because they are children is false. Because of the dynamic between the boys and the pig's head, one begins to question all of the assumptions about the boys' characters and intentions.

Lastly, the killing of the sow, the sacrifice of the head, and the subsequent worshipping of the head on a stick illustrate how the boys are no longer innocents. The killing of the initial pig was shrouded in the guise of survival, but the killing of the sow was about power. This is evident by the brutality in which the pig is killed. Roger pushes on the pig with a spear until it shrieks and cries, while Jack slits its throat and allows the blood to run all over his hands. The boys then use this pig as a lure for the others to "join Jack's tribe." At the subsequent pig roast, the boys dance and chant in a storm on the beach. It is during this scene the boys murder Simon as he comes to report the death of the pilot. By removing the symbol of good on the island, the boys are now able to succumb to the lure of evil. 

What is the name of the inheritance pattern in which both alleles are expressed equally?

When we say "expressed equally," this actually raises a lot of questions about the interaction between the genes, their products, and the effects of those products on the organism. Consider, for example, that a gene could have an error or mutation that causes it to never be transcribed properly at all; in this case, we would not consider the two alleles to be equally expressed. However, what if the gene's product is simply broken or...

When we say "expressed equally," this actually raises a lot of questions about the interaction between the genes, their products, and the effects of those products on the organism. Consider, for example, that a gene could have an error or mutation that causes it to never be transcribed properly at all; in this case, we would not consider the two alleles to be equally expressed. However, what if the gene's product is simply broken or inefficient? In this case we could still say that they are being expressed equally, but they will not be equally visible in terms of their effect on the organism. What is usually meant by "equally expressed" is that both alleles code for products that are created in roughly equal proportion and the effects of both can be recognized in the organism, as compared to organisms that are homozygous for one allele or the other. 

There are two terms that describe an equal expression of alleles; incomplete dominance, and codominance. One of the most common demonstrations of these effects is flower pigmentation.

In codominance, we can think of the allele products as working together to make something new; in the case of flowers, the example would be a red allele and a white allele making a pink flower. Note that they probably aren't combining the red and white pigments to create a pink pigment, but that the red and white pigments are equally distributed so that the cumulative effect is pink.

In incomplete dominance, we can think of both alleles as "fighting" for dominance, but neither one wins; instead they each carve out their own territory where they, and they alone, are dominant, but this is not consistent throughout the organism. In the case of the flowers, this would create a flower with red and white splotches, spots or some other distinct pattern effect.

In a population of rabbits, there are 496 black rabbits and 27 white rabbits. Fur color is determined by a pair of alleles where "B" is the...

Since the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the dominant allele displays complete dominance. This means that rabbits with black fur have a genotype of either BB or Bb. Since the numbers of both black and white rabbits are given, we can easily calculate the frequency of the black fur phenotype.

Black fur phenotype frequency = number of black rabbits/(number of black rabbits + number of white rabbits)

               ...

Since the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the dominant allele displays complete dominance. This means that rabbits with black fur have a genotype of either BB or Bb. Since the numbers of both black and white rabbits are given, we can easily calculate the frequency of the black fur phenotype.

Black fur phenotype frequency = number of black rabbits/(number of black rabbits + number of white rabbits)

                                            = 496/(496 + 27)

                                            = 496/523

                                            = 0.95

The Hardy-Weinberg equation assumes that a population is infinitely large, which is not the case in this question. Therefore, the observed frequency of 0.95 may differ from the theoretical frequency. To calculate the theoretical frequency of the black fur phenotype, we simply use the frequency given for B.

Since there are only two alleles in this population, the sum of both allele frequencies equals one. To write this out mathematically: B + b = 1. Since we already know B, we must solve for b.

b = 1 – B

b = 1 – 0.8

b = 0.2

To calculate the theoretical frequency, we need to use the Hardy-Weinberg equation: B^2 + 2 Bb + b^2 = 1. As noted earlier, black rabbits will have a genotype of either BB or Bb. Therefore, we are solving the equation for B^2 + 2 Bb.

B^2 + 2 Bb + b^2 = 1

                – b^2 =  – b^2

       B^2 + 2 Bb = 1 – b^2

Since b = 0.2, the theoretical frequency of black fur will equal 1 – b^2.

Black phenotype = 1 – b^2

                        = 1 – (0.2)2

                        = 1 – 0.04

                        = 0.96

The theoretical frequency of black fur is close, but not quite equal to the observed frequency of 0.95.

Bartlet Financial Services Company holds a large portfolio of debt and stock securities as an investment. The total fair value of the portfolio at...

Basic accounting standards, regulated by the SOX (Sarbanes-Oxley Act), COSO and the SEC, govern how debt and security investments are reported by corporations. While there are advanced complex considerations--like relevance and reliability, comparability and consistency, and periocity and matching--that affect real-world accounting situations, basic accounting decisions are regulated by law, and violations can result in charges of financial manipulation and fraud as in the 2015 case of the SEC (Securities Exchange Commission) against the Computer Sciences Corporation, who were charged with a $190 million penalty. Further, while real-world debt and security investment accounting present subtleties and complexities, it is professional and personal ethics that provide the foundation for applying regulated basic accounting standards (Kermis & Kermis, "Financial reporting regulations, ethics and accounting").

Ethical Accounting: Intent
The underlying standard of accounting for debt and security investments is intent: "accounting for investments in the debt and equity securities ... requires management to categorize the securities based on the intent for holding the investment" (Judy Laux, "Investment in Securities"). Along with following basic accounting standards, in order for either Faust or McCabe to perform investment accounting ethically, they must categorize legitimately according to actual intent for holding any given debt or security investment.

Accounting Treatment for Trading versus for Available-for-Sale
Securities held with the intent of trading--meaning that they are held with the aim of selling when the value of the security increases, generating a short-term profit for the corporation--have their present market values reported on the balance sheet, through the step of year-end adjustments, in addition to having gains and losses (of original market value and present market value) reported on the income statement; this is regardless of whether the trading security has been sold or is still held. Thus this accounting entry on the income statement has ramifications for year-end profitability reporting. In contrast, securities held with the intent of available-for-sale are not reported on the income statement at all. Available-for-sale investments are reported only on the balance sheets in the stockholders' equity section (as an asset value for stockholders); compare this to trading investments being reported on the balance sheet as year-end adjustments. Accounting treatment differences for trading and available-for-sale investments do not affect corporate earnings.
 
Faust and McCabe: Ethical or Unethical
Faust, the Financial VP, and McCabe, the Financial Controller, want to classify the investments based on increased and decreased values and on their effects on present or future year income. On the face of it, this is an unethical approach that ignores intent for holding an investment, thus violating the accounting standard requiring classification of investments as trading or available-for-sale based upon intent for holding. Additionally, choosing to classify based on income projections for varying years may affect stockholders who may gain or lose asset value based upon the classification decisions.

Stakeholders
Stakeholders are a larger, more comprehensive group than stockholders, including sub-groups or individuals that can either affect or be affected by decisions made by the corporation; some stakeholders are the government, boards of directors, unions, community members and individual securities investors.

Year-End Net Income
On the face of it, classifying debt and security investments to optimize selectively chosen year-end incomes has the same ethical problems mentioned above: regulated basic accounting standards established by SOX and COSO (Committee on Sponsoring Organizations) and the SEC, require that classification of debt and security investments be made based on intent for holding the investment. Making classifications on other, arbitrarily chosen income advantages violates this fundamental basic accounting standard requirement.

How did Jimmy and Bob first get to know each other in "After Twenty Years" by O. Henri?

Jimmy and Bob have known each other all their lives. They grew up in the same neighborhood in Manhattan. That means they probably played together in the streets like all the other kids. They went to the same public school. When Bob is first talking to the beat cop, whom he does not recognize, he tells him about their long relationship, including the following:

I was eighteen and Jimmy was twenty. He and I were...

Jimmy and Bob have known each other all their lives. They grew up in the same neighborhood in Manhattan. That means they probably played together in the streets like all the other kids. They went to the same public school. When Bob is first talking to the beat cop, whom he does not recognize, he tells him about their long relationship, including the following:

I was eighteen and Jimmy was twenty. He and I were raised here in New York, just like two brothers, together.

This bit of explication is necessary to the story because it explains the rather strange appointment the two youths made to meet again at the same site in twenty years. Jimmy was twenty years old at the time. So he was making a commitment that was equivalent time-wise to his entire lifetime. How could he know where he would be--or what he would be? Bob was only eighteen. Perhaps it was because they were both so young and inexperienced that they were willing to make such an extravagant commitment. It is noteworthy that Bob, the adventurous one, had to travel a thousand miles in order to keep that appointment; whereas Jimmy, the conservative one whom Bob describes as "a kind of plodder," hardly has to travel any distance at all, because the site of their future rendezvous is right on his beat. Bob hardly had to worry about Jimmy showing up. Jimmy was there every night.

Although Jimmy and Bob were "just like two brothers," twenty years makes a lot of difference in people's lives. Jimmy and Bob could not be friends anymore. They are erstwhile friends. Their relationship is based on the fact that they used to be "just like two brothers." The changes wrought by the passage of time is the theme of this story. The whole city has changed, and the two men have changed--or evolved--correspondingly.

What are positive and negative lessons about love learned from the characters in Shakespeare's Twelfth Night?

Twelfth Night is one of the greatest plays ever written about love. Many of the characters do gain new insights through losing their hearts. And while Shakespeare certainly doesn’t set out to be didactic, audiences listening to his words may also learn some very human truths. Are these “lessons” positive or negative? That depends on your perspective. There’s a lot to be said on this topic. Here are a few ideas to get you started:

Viola: The first thing we learn about Viola is that she and her brother Sebastian have just been shipwrecked. Viola has been miraculously rescued, but she’s in anguish at the thought that her beloved brother may have drowned. Because she cares so much, she must struggle with this terrible dread until almost the end of the play.

Viola hatches a scheme to disguise herself as a young man (“Cesario”) and join the court of Duke Orsino, the ruler of Illyria. In her very first scene, Shakespeare foreshadows the fact that she is going to fall in love with her new employer. When she hears the duke’s name, Viola recalls her father mentioning it to her long ago:

VIOLA
Orsino! I have heard my father name him:
He was a bachelor then.
                                        [I.ii]

In what context, we wonder, did Sebastian Senior mention Orsino to his young daughter, and inform her that the duke was unmarried? Could it be that he was considering Orsino as a possible husband for Viola?

Viola does fall for the duke, and finds herself trapped in a dilemma: she can only serve him as long as she maintains her disguise, but as long as Orsino believes she’s a boy, he will never see her as a woman. Even worse, Orsino is infatuated with Olivia, and sends “Cesario” off to woo the beautiful countess on his behalf. The devoted Viola finds herself using all her eloquence to persuade Olivia to marry the man whom Viola herself loves.

If Viola didn’t know it before, her experiences in Illyria teach her that deep love makes us vulnerable to pain. One reason her character is so appealing is that, despite all the suffering that she experiences, she continues to love Sebastian and Orsino with absolute devotion.

Olivia: Olivia, too, is already grieving at the start of the play. She’s in mourning for her father and her brother, who have both died recently. While we may suspect that she’s using her bereavement as an excuse to keep Orsino at arm’s length, there’s no reason to think that her grief isn’t real:

VALENTINE
The element itself, till seven years' heat,
Shall not behold her face at ample view;
But, like a cloistress, she will veiled walk
And water once a day her chamber round
With eye-offending brine: all this to season
A brother's dead love, which she would keep fresh
And lasting in her sad remembrance.
                                                   [I.i]

Olivia herself has never been in love. She finds Orsino’s suit irritating, and she has no real empathy for him. Viola finds Olivia’s coolness infuriating:

VIOLA
Love make his heart of flint that you shall love;
And let your fervor, like my master's, be
Placed in contempt! Farewell, fair cruelty.
                                                [I,v]

Little does Viola realize that Olivia has just fallen in love with “Cesario,” believing him to be a man. (It’s interesting to note that Olivia speaks in prose — that is, ordinary language rhythms rather than iambic pentameter — up until halfway through her first scene with Cesario. There, she switches into blank verse, and continues that way until the end of the play. This is  Shakespeare telling the actor (and us), “Here is the moment when Olivia falls in love and everything changes.”)

Olivia now discovers what love really feels like, and she’s amazed:

OLIVIA
Thy tongue, thy face, thy limbs, actions and spirit,
Do give thee five-fold blazon: not too fast:
soft, soft!
Unless the master were the man. How now!
Even so quickly may one catch the plague?
Methinks I feel this youth's perfections
With an invisible and subtle stealth
To creep in at mine eyes.
                                      [I,v]

Olivia suffers less for love than some of the other characters do. Luckily for her, Viola’s twin Sebastian is available to step in and change places with his sister, giving Olivia a genuine “Cesario” to marry.

Orsino:  Does Orsino truly love Olivia? He tells us that he loves her for her beauty:

ORSINO
Get thee to yond same sovereign cruelty:
Tell her, my love, more noble than the world,
Prizes not quantity of dirty lands;
The parts that fortune hath bestow'd upon her,
Tell her, I hold as giddily as fortune;
But 'tis that miracle and queen of gems
That nature pranks her in [i.e., her looks] attracts my soul.
                                                [II,iv]

Orsino’s relationship with “Cesario” is very different. The two of them spend time together, talking about life and love and their families. Because she is disguised as a boy, Viola is allowed to develop a type of relationship with Orsino that he would never ordinarily have with any woman. When he discovers at last who she truly is, Orsino is in no doubt that he loves her:

ORSINO
    If this be so, as yet the glass seems true,
    I shall have share in this most happy wreck.

   [ To VIOLA]

    Boy, thou hast said to me a thousand times
    Thou never shouldst love woman like to me.

 . . .

    Give me thy hand;
    And let me see thee in thy woman's weeds.
                                                       [V, i]

Thanks to those early discussions (and arguments) with “Cesario,” Orsino has learned how to love her in a way that he never loved the remote and lovely Olivia.

Malvolio:

OLIVIA:
Oh, you are sick of self-love, Malvolio . . .
                                               [I,v]

Malvolio’s real love is his own vision of himself as a great and powerful gentleman. Like Narcissus, he falls for an insubstantial reflection of himself: a fantasy which Maria plays on to bring about his downfall. Because of his ambition, all of his personal relationships in the play are determined by status. He is not interested in Olivia for herself, but for the power and authority that marriage to her would bring him. By the end of the play, having been tricked and humiliated and terrified, Malvolio is bent on revenge. Has he learned anything? I see no evidence that he has. What do you think?

What circumstances led to Jamestown succeeding as the first permanent English Colony?

Jamestown was successful largely because of the introduction of tobacco as a cash crop. While strong leadership played a role in the colony's short-term survival in the years following its foundation, it was its ability to make money for its founders in London, the Virginia Company, that ensured its long-term survival. Following the introduction of tobacco from colonies in the Caribbean by John Rolfe, Jamestown began to flourish economically as demand for tobacco continued to...

Jamestown was successful largely because of the introduction of tobacco as a cash crop. While strong leadership played a role in the colony's short-term survival in the years following its foundation, it was its ability to make money for its founders in London, the Virginia Company, that ensured its long-term survival. Following the introduction of tobacco from colonies in the Caribbean by John Rolfe, Jamestown began to flourish economically as demand for tobacco continued to rise in Europe. Virginia planters began to aggressively acquire larger tracts of land and to import indentured servants (and eventually enslaved people) into the colony to work on them. The introduction of tobacco as a cash crop not only led to the long-term economic success of the colony, but also shaped its social structure. Over time, the politics of the colony were dominated by wealthy planters who developed as a tightly-knit elite class. 

What are the disadvantages of liquidation strategy to the organization and the society?

Liquidation is a corporate level strategy that is one of four retrenchment strategies implemented when a company is experiencing difficulties in operations after growth has faltered and because the available stability strategies, such as "pause and then proceed," have failed due to a hostile, changing or unclear economic situation.Disadvantages may not always be considered because of the last-chance nature of liquidation retrenchment, although a significant advantage, i.e., self-directed options versus court order mandates, is...

Liquidation is a corporate level strategy that is one of four retrenchment strategies implemented when a company is experiencing difficulties in operations after growth has faltered and because the available stability strategies, such as "pause and then proceed," have failed due to a hostile, changing or unclear economic situation.

Disadvantages may not always be considered because of the last-chance nature of liquidation retrenchment, although a significant advantage, i.e., self-directed options versus court order mandates, is often the driving force behind the choice to liquidate. Harvard Business School research, reported in 2013 and conducted by Harvard professor Ananth Raman and doctoral student Nathan Craig, indicates some surprising disadvantages besides the commonly discussed ones:

Disadvantages:
1. Principals of the company (also called directors) may be held liable for misconduct if mandated liquidation investigations show misconduct on their parts.
2. Principals may be held liable for all the company's debts.
3. All the company's assets will be sold to pay for liquidators' fee and to cover a portion of all debts outstanding. This precludes the possibility of using the assets should the principals want to reopen in the same business.
4. All personnel, staff and production teams will be made redundant. Most often, this results in the scattering of human resources so expertise is lost should--as in the above item--the principals want to reopen in the same business.

Disadvantages: Raman and Craig Research
The disadvantages to liquidation recognized by Raman and Craig indicate that approaching liquidation from the accepted emotional (right-brain) approach, the 100 percent liquidation approach and the math-free approach leads to less than optimum profitability from liquidation. They show that logical strategy (left-brain), changes in markdown discounts at the beginning and end of liquidation and implementation of mathematical algorithms to make decisions and predictions about moving inventory between stores and customer behavior throughout the liquidation process off-set these disadvantages with increased profitability (hence increased debt payment) after liquidation.

Disadvantages to Society:
The most often felt disadvantages to society are illustrated by the 2012 liquidation of Borders book stores. A significant social resource for readers and gift givers was removed along with a social gathering place for community groups. A sense of loss was generated in many levels of society by Borders liquidation. A more dramatic social disadvantage was the loss of jobs, financial security and personal pride for the employees of Borders who had to reassess their skills and work histories to find a new fit with employment in a different industry.

Another disadvantage to society is illustrated by the 2008 liquidation of Linens 'n Things, which--along with the above social disadvantages--resulted in a significant loss of selection (some items not being picked up by other retailers) and price-point merchandising, since the Linen 'n Things price-point was accessible to working class families.

"Strategy Formulation," Rex C. Mitchell, Ph.D., California State University, Northridge (DOC)

Magnussen, L., Ehiri, J., and Jolly, P. (2004). Comprehensive versus Selective Primary Health Care: Lessons For Global Health Policy (Links to an...

This article looks at the movement that began in the 1970s in developing countries to provide healthcare for everyone. This model, which came out of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) at the International Conference on Primary Health Care in Alma Ata, Kazakhstan, in 1978, looked at health as more than just the absence of disease but as physical, mental, and social wellbeing. The plan was also to look at political,...

This article looks at the movement that began in the 1970s in developing countries to provide healthcare for everyone. This model, which came out of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) at the International Conference on Primary Health Care in Alma Ata, Kazakhstan, in 1978, looked at health as more than just the absence of disease but as physical, mental, and social wellbeing. The plan was also to look at political, social, and economic causes of poor health and to examine how poverty and political instability affect health.

In retrospect, some scholars consider this initiative to have been a failure. Others acknowledge that while there were some successes in some countries such as Cuba, the model was never fully implemented. The article looks at the shortcomings of this selective primary health care model, including its unmet need to address the role of social justice and social equity in healthcare delivery. However, the model has had some successes, such as reducing infant mortality by 25% from 1980 to 1993. The authors recommend that healthcare practitioners work with local governments to improve health outcomes, that healthcare needs come from a grassroots approach, and that infrastructure in developing countries be improved. It is surprising that developing countries are still using a model that emphasizes disease eradication rather than promoting overall wellness in this day and age. 

In Tennyson's "Ulysses," which words and lines indicate that life is much more than mere breathing?

Words and lines from Tennyson's "Ulysses" that reflect how life is much more than mere breathing explain how a person's life has to be defined with purpose and meaning. 

In Tennyson's poem, Ulysses is faced with a defining choice. He can either stay in Ithaca with his wife and serve his kingdom or go back out to the seas to confront the challenges that await.  He finds himself poised between domestic predictability or the...

Words and lines from Tennyson's "Ulysses" that reflect how life is much more than mere breathing explain how a person's life has to be defined with purpose and meaning. 

In Tennyson's poem, Ulysses is faced with a defining choice. He can either stay in Ithaca with his wife and serve his kingdom or go back out to the seas to confront the challenges that await.  He finds himself poised between domestic predictability or the uncertain future of what lies ahead.  One indication of the choice he is going to make is when he says, "I will drink / Life to the lees." Ulysses sees life as only having purpose when it is fully embraced.  He does not see this purpose as merely breathing.  Ulysses lives his life with a "hungry heart." These reflect his views of life.  They reflect passion and vitality, a duty to fight the elements until the very end and never relent. Ulysses does not feel that life is about merely breathing, pathetically existing from one moment to another. Rather, he feels that an individual must possess a zeal for living.  Ulysses believes that people are active agents of their own destinies, authors of their own narratives.

Ulysses speaks of the dangers in not living life to its fullest capacity. He wonders "How dull it is to pause, to make an end, / To rust unburnish'd, not to shine in use!"  He considers it a waste of a life to merely exist.  Rather, he feels that people must see life as "yearning in desire / To follow knowledge like a sinking star."  Living life means understanding the world and one's place in it.  There is no defined end to this pursuit, as Ulysses says it should continue "Beyond the utmost bound of human thought." Ulysses does not believe that his journey has ended simply because he has returned home. The journey of life never ends.  Rather, he feels that his life, and all life, must be dedicated to the idea that "Some work of noble note, may yet to be done." There will always be more adventures to experience, more horizons to explore, more chapters to write in the book of one's life. Ulysses is not going to live in a banal way by merely breathing and existing.  Rather, he is insistent that his "purpose holds / To sail beyond the sunset, and the baths / Of all the western stars, until I die."  These words make clear that Ulysses defines life as living the journey and facing whatever awaits him on it.

In the poem's closing lines, Ulysses affirms how life is more than breathing. These thoughts define what he sees as the meaning to all existence:

We are not now that strength which in old days

Moved earth and heaven, that which we are, we are;

One equal temper of heroic hearts, 

Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will 

To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.

Ulysses will live his life fighting all adversaries. This includes the effects of time and age, and anything else that might dare to cross him.  Even though he might not succeed in all of these battles, he promises "to strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield."  It affirms how life is much more than simply existing.  It consists of the will to persevere through challenges, and to zealously anticipate what comes next.  Ulysses does not know what the future holds.  However, that is an integral part of what makes life worth living, making it much more than merely breathing.

What are the conflicts in the story "A & P" by John Updike?

In John Updike's short story "A&P," there is an external conflict and an internal conflict. Sammy, the narrator of the story, is merely an observer to the external conflict. This conflict occurs when three girls dressed only in their bathing suits come into the grocery store. People in the store are visibly shocked and Lengel, the manager, confronts the girls. He tells them that they must have their shoulders covered and be dressed decently when they come into the store. This "isn't the beach," he tells them more than once. The girl Sammy calls Queenie is embarrassed and blushes in shame. She and her friend try to explain that they were just running a quick errand for their mother, but Lengel is not interested in their reasons. He is more interested in the policy of the store and the expectations of the other customers. 

The internal conflict takes place in Sammy's mind. He is affected by Queenie's embarrassment. He does not like the fact that the store manager embarrassed the girls. He wants to be their protector and hero, so he decides to quit right then and there. The problem is that his parents are friends with the store manager and will be very disappointed in him. Lengel tells Sammy he will regret this action for years, and Sammy agrees that it is true. He knows his family will be upset. He is probably burning bridges in the community and destroying opportunities for securing a good position in the future. However, in that moment, even though he knows these things, he chooses to stick up for the girls. In the quote below, Sammy is answering a question his manager has asked him, but his mind is elsewhere. 

I thought and said "No" but it wasn't about that I was thinking. I go through the punches, 4, 9, GROC, TOT—it's more complicated than you think, and after you do it often enough, more complicated than you think, and after you do it often enough, it begins to make a lttle song, that you hear words to, in my case "Hello (bing) there, you (gung) hap-py pee-pul (splat)"-the splat being the drawer flying out. I uncrease the bill, tenderly as you may imagine, it just having come from between the two smoothest scoops of vanilla I had ever known were there, and pass a half and a penny into her narrow pink palm, and nestle the herrings in a bag and twist its neck and hand it over, all the time thinking. The girls, and who'd blame them, are in a hurry to get out, so I say "I quit" to Lengel quick enough for them to hear, hoping they'll stop and watch me, their unsuspected hero.

The action does not achieve the effect Sammy hoped it would. The girls do not even seem to notice that he quit and certainly do not think of it as a heroic action taken in defense of them. The quote below reveals the internal conflict that continues in Sammy's mind" 

I fold the apron, "Sammy" stitched in red on the pocket, and put it on the counter, and drop the bow tie on top of it. The bow tie is theirs, if you've ever wondered. "You'll feel this for the rest of your life," Lengel says, and I know that's true, too, but remembering how he made that pretty girl blush makes me so scrunchy inside I punch the No Sale tab and the machine whirs "pee-pul" and the drawer splats out.

Where is the speaker at this time:"The woods are lovely dark and deepbut I have promises to keepand miles to go before I sleepand miles to...

The speaker is deep into the woods when he speaks these lines.  He says that he knows the person to whom this land and trees belong, but that person's home is far away, in "the village." Consequently, he will not see the narrator and his horse stop to enjoy the quiet and watch the snow fall.  In fact, the speaker is deep enough into the woods that there is no one else living anywhere nearby—he...

The speaker is deep into the woods when he speaks these lines.  He says that he knows the person to whom this land and trees belong, but that person's home is far away, in "the village." Consequently, he will not see the narrator and his horse stop to enjoy the quiet and watch the snow fall.  In fact, the speaker is deep enough into the woods that there is no one else living anywhere nearby—he says that no "farmhouse [is] near"—and this adds to the peacefulness and tranquility he feels watching the "downy flake."  

In the first line of the last stanza, he describes the forest as "lovely, dark and deep," again reinforcing how vast the woods here are and how far into them he has traveled.  He has "miles to go" before he can stop, perhaps because there is, quite literally, nowhere for him to sleep without a farmhouse nearby; this fact confirms the depth of the woods as well.  

How are helium atoms and neon atoms useful in predicting the structure of a sodium atom?

Helium has an atomic number of 2 and has an electronic configuration of 1s2. Neon is also a noble gas and has an atomic number of 10. Hence, its electronic configuration is 1s2, 2s2, 2p6. Sodium has an atomic number of 11 and hence has an electronic configuration of 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s1.

If we compare sodium and neon, we find that sodium is obtained by adding 1 more electron to neon atoms. There is...

Helium has an atomic number of 2 and has an electronic configuration of 1s2. Neon is also a noble gas and has an atomic number of 10. Hence, its electronic configuration is 1s2, 2s2, 2p6. Sodium has an atomic number of 11 and hence has an electronic configuration of 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s1.

If we compare sodium and neon, we find that sodium is obtained by adding 1 more electron to neon atoms. There is an additional 3s orbital as compared to neon, or we can also state that an additional shell is present in case of sodium, as compared to neon. In comparison to helium, sodium has 2 additional electron shells. Hence, these two atoms help us gain a better understanding of the structure of sodium atoms. 

Compared to these two noble gases, sodium has unfilled valence electronic orbital and loses an electron to achieve noble gas configuration.

How were the Jews stripped away from their families in Night by Elie Wiesel?

In Elie's case, his family is separated at Birkenau, the reception center to the Nazi concentration camp at Auschwitz. As soon as the Jews from Sighet disembark the train they are divided by gender with the women and girls going to the left and men and boys to the right. Elie comments that he was parting from his mother and youngest sister "forever." They probably perished in the crematory that same night. At this point...

In Elie's case, his family is separated at Birkenau, the reception center to the Nazi concentration camp at Auschwitz. As soon as the Jews from Sighet disembark the train they are divided by gender with the women and girls going to the left and men and boys to the right. Elie comments that he was parting from his mother and youngest sister "forever." They probably perished in the crematory that same night. At this point Elie and his father are still together, much to Elie's comfort, but at every step throughout the book they are in danger of being separated. In fact, the two are lucky to survive the initial "selection" (being selected meant certain death) since Elie is only fifteen at the time and his father fifty. They receive some important advice from an unknown man who tells them to alter their ages when they come before Dr. Mengele. Several times in the book, Elie is close to losing his father to a selection, yet the two are able to stay together almost until the end of the war. Unfortunately, Elie's father dies from dysentery at Buchenwald, only a short time before that camp was liberated.

Jews may also have been separated at the time of deportation as was the case of Stein, Elie's relative from Antwerp. Stein reports that he was deported by the Nazis in 1942 but his wife and children stayed behind in Belgium. To calm the man, Elie lies about his mother having received news from Antwerp that Stein's wife and children were doing fine. In reality, it is almost certain that they perished in a concentration camp in the same manner as Elie's mother and sister. Luckily for Elie, his two oldest sisters did survive the war and they were eventually reunited in a French orphanage. 

In Beowulf, what is the conflict in The Battle With Grendel?

"The Battle with Grendel" is an excerpt of the Anglo-Saxon epic poem, Beowulf. This excerpt relates the events of Beowulf's fight against the monster, Grendel, who had been terrorizing the Danes and their King, Horthgar, for ten years. On the surface, the conflict is between hero and monster, and Beowulf's victory serves to win glory and renown, both for himself and for his king, as well as to pay Hrothgar back for aid the King of the Danes had rendered...

"The Battle with Grendel" is an excerpt of the Anglo-Saxon epic poem, Beowulf. This excerpt relates the events of Beowulf's fight against the monster, Grendel, who had been terrorizing the Danes and their King, Horthgar, for ten years. On the surface, the conflict is between hero and monster, and Beowulf's victory serves to win glory and renown, both for himself and for his king, as well as to pay Hrothgar back for aid the King of the Danes had rendered to Beowulf's father.

Often, however, readers find a deeper conflict within the fight between hero and monster. One common conflict attributed to the fight is the conflict of good against evil. This view finds that Grendel represents evil itself and Beowulf, as the hero, represents the constant battle of good against evil.

Another way of looking at the good against evil conflict is to frame it as virtue against sin. In this understanding of the conflict, Grendel represents the sin and vices of humankind (a claim often supported by reference to the poem associating Grendel with the descendants of Cain). Beowulf, the virtuous warrior, who, even though he is not portrayed as overtly Christian in the poem, represents many Christian ideals, represents the battle of a person against those vices and sins.

Other readers have read the conflict not as good/virtue against evil/sin, but as human against nature. In this reading, Beowulf represents the advancement of civilization, and his fight is against savage nature itself. Grendel, with his animalistic tendencies and appearance, must be subdued in order for humanity to assert itself.

It is worth noting that J.R.R. Tolkien, in his essay "Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics," argues that the allegorical readings of the poem, and the deeper meanings given to the conflicts with the monsters, are scholarly overlays. Tolkien's position is that the poem is about human beings "at war with the hostile world, and [their] inevitable overthrow in Time." The battles against the monsters are, in effect, an outgrowth of the human will to survive even in the face of the inevitability of death.  

What realization does Odysseus come to by the end of Homer's epic The Odyssey?

One realization Odysseus comes to at the end of Homer's epic is to appreciate the limited nature of human beings.

Throughout the epic, it is as if Odysseus has no limits. He uses his guilt, wit, and craftiness to escape situation after situation. If Odysseus is in dire conditions, Athena frequently comes to his aid. Odysseus was able to defeat all the suitors and powerful Olympian deities such as Prometheus. By the poem's end, Odysseus...

One realization Odysseus comes to at the end of Homer's epic is to appreciate the limited nature of human beings.

Throughout the epic, it is as if Odysseus has no limits. He uses his guilt, wit, and craftiness to escape situation after situation. If Odysseus is in dire conditions, Athena frequently comes to his aid. Odysseus was able to defeat all the suitors and powerful Olympian deities such as Prometheus. By the poem's end, Odysseus appreciates the limitations of being human. Acceptance of this realization can be seen in how Odysseus returns home to Ithaca. His journey ends where it started. While he battled some of the very best warriors and could have commanded much in way of armies and political power, Odysseus returns home to his wife and son. He could have remained in tempestuous passion with Circe, but finds comfort in Penelope's stable love. Even at the end of the epic, when Odysseus could have pursued the band of Ithacans, he relents. He accepts Athena's warning and backs down.   

Odysseus is content with the realization that he can be happy with where he is in the world. He no longer needs demonstrative displays of his power. In many respects, Odysseus has heard the warnings of his dear friend, Achilles:

I'd rather be a field-hand, bound in service to another man, with no land of my own, and not much to live on, than to lord it over all the insubstantial dead (XI. 489-91).

Odysseus makes peace with the limitations of being human. He recognizes he is a man, not a god. As a human being, he realizes happiness and contentment can be their own rewards.

What was the single most important clue which gave Holmes an idea of Spaulding's motives?

The single most important clue that gave Sherlock Holmes an idea of the motives of the man who calls himself Vincent Spaulding in "The Red-Headed League" is not one of the several clues the detective picks up from listening to the tale of Jabez Wilson. These clues tell Holmes that Spaulding is up to something, but he has to go to Wilson's pawnshop and examine the neighborhood before he understands what this assistant, whose real...

The single most important clue that gave Sherlock Holmes an idea of the motives of the man who calls himself Vincent Spaulding in "The Red-Headed League" is not one of the several clues the detective picks up from listening to the tale of Jabez Wilson. These clues tell Holmes that Spaulding is up to something, but he has to go to Wilson's pawnshop and examine the neighborhood before he understands what this assistant, whose real name is John Clay, is up to. While Holmes and Watson are in Saxe-Coburg Square, the detective knocks at the door of the pawnshop and inquires the way to the Strand of the assistant. After the case has been solved and both Clay and his accomplice have been taken off to jail, Holmes explains his line of reasoning to Watson, including this:

I surprised you by beating upon the pavement with my stick. I was ascertaining whether the cellar stretched out in front or behind. It was not in front. Then I rang the bell, and, as I hoped, the assistant answered it. We have had some skirmishes, but we had never set eyes upon each other before. I hardly looked at his face. His knees were what I wished to see. You must yourself have remarked how worn, wrinkled, and stained they were. They spoke of those hours of burrowing. The only remaining point was what they were burrowing for. I walked round the corner, saw the City and Suburban Bank abutted on our friend's premises, and felt that I had solved my problem. 

The condition of the knees of Clay's trousers tells Holmes that Clay is digging a tunnel. By beating on the pavement with his walking stick, Holmes ascertains the direction in which Clay is digging. It can only be towards the City and Suburban Bank. Holmes makes inquiries and learns that a huge amount of French gold coins is currently stored in the underground strongroom of the bank. The knees of Clay's trousers are the most important clue because they tell Holmes exactly what Clay has been up to. They explain the crook's creation of the Red-Headed League and the object of all his machinations since he came to work for Jabez Wilson at half-salary. Holmes is able to set a trap which nets both Clay and his accomplice, and the detective saves the bank from the loss of a fortune in gold coins which the two burglars intended to loot from the bank's strongroom on Saturday night, the night of the same day they had posted a notice on the office-door announcing that the Red-Headed League had been dissolved.

What are some problems and solutions in The Bronze Bow by Elizabeth George Speare?

Throughout the novel, Daniel struggles to control his anger with the occupying Roman forces and Leah battles her inner demons. Thacia tries her best to positively influence Daniel, but Daniel is too stubborn to let go of his vow to fight against the Romans.As the novel progresses, Daniel begins to listen to Jesus preach and Daniel's relationship with his sister improves. When Daniel tells Leah about Jesus' messages, Leah comes out of her shell...

Throughout the novel, Daniel struggles to control his anger with the occupying Roman forces and Leah battles her inner demons. Thacia tries her best to positively influence Daniel, but Daniel is too stubborn to let go of his vow to fight against the Romans. As the novel progresses, Daniel begins to listen to Jesus preach and Daniel's relationship with his sister improves. When Daniel tells Leah about Jesus' messages, Leah comes out of her shell and thrives. Daniel's relationship with Thacia also begins to grow, and Daniel starts to have feelings for her. However, Daniel's hate and bitterness ruin each of his relationships. Daniel cannot accept Jesus' tolerant disposition towards the Romans and holds onto his hate. He threatens Marcus, the Roman soldier who has been speaking to Leah, which negatively affects Leah's well-being. Daniel also rejects Thacia's love because of his vow to fight the Romans. It is only when Daniel destroys each of his relationships and loses hope that he decides to follow Jesus. At the end of the novel, Jesus heals Leah and Daniel accepts Jesus' message of love. Daniel then marries Thacia and invites Marcus into his home.

In the play The Merchant of Venice, how does Shakespeare create suspense in Act 3, Scene 4?

In Act 3, Scene 4, Portia tells Lorenzo that he is in charge of her household until her husband returns. Portia then tells Lorenzo that she and Nerissa will be praying and contemplating alone in a monastery. When Lorenzo leaves, Portia immediately tells Balthazar to deliver an urgent letter to Doctor Bellario without stopping on his way. Portia then explains to Nerissa that their husbands will see them before they think, but will not recognize...

In Act 3, Scene 4, Portia tells Lorenzo that he is in charge of her household until her husband returns. Portia then tells Lorenzo that she and Nerissa will be praying and contemplating alone in a monastery. When Lorenzo leaves, Portia immediately tells Balthazar to deliver an urgent letter to Doctor Bellario without stopping on his way. Portia then explains to Nerissa that their husbands will see them before they think, but will not recognize them. Portia goes on to comment that she will act like a gentlemen and tell numerous lies to make her audience believe that she has just left school. Just before the scene ends, Portia tells Nerissa that she will explain her entire plan during the coach ride and mentions that they must travel twenty miles in one day.

Shakespeare creates suspense by making the audience aware that significant events are immediately taking place, while not revealing Portia's entire plan. The audience knows from Portia's insistence that Balthazar urgently deliver her letter that its contents are important to the plot. However, Shakespeare creates suspense by not revealing what was in the letter. Shakespeare also does not reveal Portia's plan, which leaves the audience wondering what will happen next.

How is the motif of dualities present in Dicken's A Tale of Two Cities?

Dualities in A Tale of Two Cities serve to point to the similarities of internal problems in England and France as well as developing themes and characterization.

From the opening of this classic novel on, there are presentations of dualities. With thesis and antithesis, Charles Dickens points to the similarities between England and France in the opening chapter, as he compares the king of England with the king of France while the Woodman, symbolic of the guillotine, and the Farmer, symbolic of the peasants who stormed the Bastille, work unheeded.

Some characters act as dualities, as well, as Dickens often places an English character in contrast to a French one:

• Sydney Carton -- Charles Darnay (Evremonde)

The brilliant, but dissipated, Carton sees in noble Darnay what he could have been, and he is inspired by his idealized love for Lucie Manette to redeem himself through self-sacrifice. "For you and for any dear to you, I would do anything," he declares to Lucie in Chapter 13 of Book the Second. In the end, Carton finds redemption after he replaces Darnay in the prison and goes to the guillotine in place of Charles Evremonde (Darnay), who escapes with his family to England.

• Mr. Lorry -- Dr. Manette

The "man of business," as he describes himself, is often in sharp contrast to the delusional and irrational Dr. Manette. Often, too, he lends a sympathetic ear and moral support to Lucie and the weakened physician.

Mr. Lorry is a loyal and sensible friend to Dr. Manette as, for instance, after Manette learns the real identity of Charles Darnay on his and Lucie's wedding day, the physician has a relapse and pulls out his shoe-making kit.

After this relapse, Mr. Lorry consults with Dr. Manette about a "friend" who has resorted to working on his occupation, an activity from a time in his life that should be put behind him. Dr. Manette suggests destroying that which he occupies himself, and he agrees to its destruction if the object can be taken from him when he is not around.

• Dr. Manette -- Manette

In a sense, Manette is a duality himself. He is the imprisoned man, who has spent many years in the Bastille. On the other hand, he is a man who has been rescued from a living death, who sometimes loses his hold upon life and regresses to his old occupation when he was in prison.  

• Lucie Manette -- Madame Defarge

The stereotypical Victorian heroine, Lucie is kind and loving while, in contrast, Therese Defarge is a malevolent force. Lucie stands outside her husband's prison window so that he may see her. She also brings out the best in Sydney Carton, motivating him to sacrifice himself on the guillotine for Charles so that he may leave France with his family:

"It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done; it is a far far better rest that I go to, than I have ever known."

On the other hand, Madame Defarge is a force of evil, knitting the names of her victims into the material that she fashions. Consumed by the desire for revenge against the French aristocracy, particularly the Evremonde family, who are responsible for the deaths of her sister and brother, Madame Defarge pursues Charles Darnay in her effort to annihilate the aristocrats. When her husband suggests that she be merciful to Dr. Manette because of the anguish of his daughter, Madame Defarge insists that the Evremondes are summoned to answer for the things they have done to her family. Guilt lies on Dr. Manette because he aided the Evremonde brothers. She tells Monsieur Defarge,

Then tell the Wind and Fire where to stop,...but don't tell me."

Madame Defarge is certainly a classic villain in her singleness of intent for vengeance, just as Sydney Carton is the redemptive hero. The contrasts of such characters and others in the motif of dualities certainly provide a strong effect for A Tale of Two Cities.

In the book The Help, what are some ways that Minny shows that she cares about Miss Celia?

Even though Minny is often baffled by Miss Celia’s behavior—since the woman is new to society life in Jackson—she does care about her and even feels sorry for her at times, too. As Celia has asked, Minny has tried to teach her how to cook. The lessons are far from successful. Minny has also gone along reluctantly with Celia’s plan to keep the maid’s employment a secret from her husband, Johnny. Even after Johnny and...

Even though Minny is often baffled by Miss Celia’s behavior—since the woman is new to society life in Jackson—she does care about her and even feels sorry for her at times, too. As Celia has asked, Minny has tried to teach her how to cook. The lessons are far from successful. Minny has also gone along reluctantly with Celia’s plan to keep the maid’s employment a secret from her husband, Johnny. Even after Johnny and Minny accidentally meet (in Chapter 10), both keep the encounter a secret from Celia, letting her believe that her plan is working. When Minny finds out that Celia has an alcohol problem, she tries to talk her out of drinking (in Chapter 17). As a result, she’s fired—but not really. When Celia has her fourth miscarriage and is deathly ill, Minny takes care of her as best as she can and calls the doctor to come (in Chapter 18). Minny feels badly that Celia keeps calling the ladies of the Jackson Junior League, and that they never return her calls. It’s obvious that Celia needs a friend. Minny serves as one, even though she knows the lines between maid and employer. She tells her plainly that Hilly and Elizabeth do not accept her, and she does as much as she can to warn Celia about attending the Benefit banquet, to no avail (in Chapter 25). This event ends badly for Celia, who wears an outrageous dress and gets drunk, to boot. When she stays in bed to sulk for days afterward (in Chapter 26), it is Minny who pokes her and prods her and gets her out of her funk. And at last, when it’s obvious that Celia will never bear children, Minny is saddened but sympathetic (in Chapter 30). The Footes ask her to stay on with them, and she will. Certainly Celia needs someone to take care of her and to care about her, in addition to Johnny. When she first encountered the woman, Minny was no doubt ready to dislike her immediately, because she was different from the other Jackson ladies Minny had worked for. But this job didn’t turn out the way Minny had expected at all.

In Reason, Faith, and Tradition, why does Martin Albl say that the Christian understanding of Jesus is shocking and offensive?

In chapter 10 of Reason, Faith and Tradition: Explorations in Catholic Theology there are two sections entitled "Shock and Offense 1:The Particularity of Jesus" and "Shock and Offense 2: The Humility of God."

In the first of these sections Albl sets out the basic problem. Christians believe that, several thousand years ago, in a remote corner of the world, God came down to earth as a fully human being to save every single one of us and give us all eternal life. That the divine savior lived and preached among us in the person of one individual at one particular time in human history is what Albl refers to as the "scandal of particularity."

Albl frankly accepts that, to many millions of people, this was and is a deeply offensive belief. It seems ludicrous to many that of all the billions of people to occupy the face of this planet it was just one solitary individual who took on the role of Redeemer. Would it not have served God's purposes just as well by investing such authority in many individuals over a long period of time, in every historical era, in all parts of the world?

The modern mindset instinctively rebels against the core Christian message. In an increasingly secular, faithless age, scandal has turned to contempt and derision.

In the second section, Albl discusses what he calls the scandal of God's humility. If the scandal of particularity is offensive to reason, then the scandal of divine humility is offensive to certain strands of religious faith.

Albl cites the example of Islam. To Muslims, the idea of God humbling himself as a man and dying a painful, degrading death as a common criminal on a cross, is not just offensive, it is blasphemous. In Islam, Allah is utterly transcendent, completely other. The distinction between God and human beings is absolute and can in no way ever be breached. The Incarnation as Christians understand it represents a confusing mixture of two completely different natures.

Yet, it is possible from a Christian standpoint to not just acknowledge the scandal of Christianity but to positively embrace it. A means of doing this is provided by Kierkegaard, the 19th century Danish philosopher and religious thinker. Unlike Albl, he does make a clear distinction in his thought between faith and reason. Yes, Kierkegaard readily admits, Christianity is indeed a scandal to reason. However, because reason has nothing to do with faith, Christianity and its gospel remain untouched by any rationalist approach.

Important in this regard is the distinction Kierkegaard makes between subjective and objective knowledge. Objective knowledge is that which is not in any way dependent on what we believe. Mathematical and scientific knowledge provide two examples. For instance, two plus two will always equal four, whether anyone believes it or not. Likewise, the earth revolves around the sun even if, for whatever reason, I steadfastly refuse to accept it.

Subjective knowledge, however, is that in which my whole being is involved. It really does matter to me whether (say, the Incarnation) is true or not. For Kierkegaard, this is the paradigm of faith. Faith is not an intellectual assent to a logical proposition; it is something one accepts with every fiber of one's being, with mind, heart, and soul. Faith is not something thought about; it is lived.

This is Kierkegaard's answer to what he openly acknowledges to be the scandal of Christianity. One cannot try and reason the problem away; one can only make a leap of faith and embrace the scandal with both arms. Let us use a thought experiment to illustrate the point.

Imagine that two individuals, one a devout Christian and the other an equally devout atheist, were able to get into a time machine and go back to Jerusalem on Good Friday to witness Christ's crucifixion. Both would see the same event; both would have access to the same set of facts. The Christian would see the suffering man hanging there on the cross as the Son of God, whereas the atheist would see him as an unfortunate criminal being put to death.

In other words, the only way that one can accept the scandal of Christ's particularity and Incarnation is by an act of faith. Kierkegaard is not deprecating reason; he is simply suggesting that it can only get us so far. Just as Virgil could lead Dante to the gates of Paradise—but no further—reason similarly cannot ultimately bring us to the scandalous heart of the Christian faith.

Explain how the aortic valve and mitral valve maintain a one-way flow of blood through the heart.

The aortic valve and mitral valve make up two of the four heart valves.  The other two are the tricuspid and pulmonary valves.  The aortic and mitral valve are both on the left side of the heart.  The mitral valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle.  The aortic valve is between the left ventricle and aorta, the artery that carries blood to the body.

The valves maintain a one way flow of blood throughout...

The aortic valve and mitral valve make up two of the four heart valves.  The other two are the tricuspid and pulmonary valves.  The aortic and mitral valve are both on the left side of the heart.  The mitral valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle.  The aortic valve is between the left ventricle and aorta, the artery that carries blood to the body.

The valves maintain a one way flow of blood throughout the body due to the systole and diastole contractions of the heart.  Simply put, both valves are never open at the same time in a healthy heart. Muscle contractions force the blood only one direction, through the open valve.

In diastole the aortic valve closes and the ventricles relax, blocking blood from flowing into the aortic artery.  The mitral valve is open, allowing blood to flow from the contracting atrium into the ventricle.  As systole occurs, the valves switch.  The mitral valve closes, cutting off flow from the atrium.  The ventricle contacts and sends blood out through the aorta valve now open.  The atrium relaxes and fills with fresh oxygenated blood coming from the lungs.

Is the subject of history considered a narrative?

History is definitely a narrative, or story. In fact the word story is incorporated into this word history; interestingly, the word for history and for story are exactly the same word in French: histoire. 

Napoleon declared history as "a story retold"; that is, the history of events are retold usually by the victorious country or the country which holds power. Therefore, this history does become a story, a tale told according to the power in...

History is definitely a narrative, or story. In fact the word story is incorporated into this word history; interestingly, the word for history and for story are exactly the same word in French: histoire. 

Napoleon declared history as "a story retold"; that is, the history of events are retold usually by the victorious country or the country which holds power. Therefore, this history does become a story, a tale told according to the power in control. That this definition is true can be verified by an examination of history books that have a narrative in them about World War II, for instance. Certainly, the presentation of historical accounts differ greatly depending upon which side--Allies or Axis--that the account is written.

When Napoleon conquered a country during his drive for empire, one of his first actions was to gain control of the newspapers. In this way, he controlled history since the written word was essentially the only source of information. While documents are used to record history, many of them are written by those whose ideology matches that of the power in control. In Hitler's Germany, of course, the media was certainly controlled by the Nazi regime, so the record of historical events was altered greatly. Therefore, even historical writings of a later date must be, at least, somewhat affected by what has been omitted in such writings. 
In American history, for instance, an examination of older history books and certain social issues of years ago and the modern record of these issues provides support for the argument of Napoleon that the "story" of a country is retold.

Which atmospheric gas has the greatest effect on the weather conditions associated with an air mass?

Water vapor is the atmospheric gas that has the most impact on an air mass and the weather associated with the interactions of different air masses.  

An air mass is a large body of air that has similar temperature and moisture throughout.  The air mass gets its moisture and temperature characteristics from the area over which the air mass forms.  That area is called a "source region."  In general, the source regions are combinations...

Water vapor is the atmospheric gas that has the most impact on an air mass and the weather associated with the interactions of different air masses.  

An air mass is a large body of air that has similar temperature and moisture throughout.  The air mass gets its moisture and temperature characteristics from the area over which the air mass forms.  That area is called a "source region."  In general, the source regions are combinations of hot, dry, cold, and wet.  For example, an air mass that forms over the Gulf of Mexico is likely to be warm and wet.  Compare that with an air mass that forms over the southwestern United States.  That air mass is going to be warm and dry.  An air mass that forms over Canada would be cold and dry, and an air mass off the coast of New England would be cold and wet.  The temperature and humidity are both of equal importance for the associated weather conditions of a specific air mass, but water vapor is the only atmospheric gas of the two.  

Generally speaking, the weather conditions associated with an air mass are stable.  Air masses do not extend forever though.  Eventually they "bump" into another air mass that has distinctly different weather conditions.  The two air masses do not usually mix, so when they meet, a boundary forms between them.  This boundary is called a "front."  Weather conditions along a front are usually cloudy and stormy.  There are four different types of fronts.  They are warm fronts, cold fronts, occluded fronts, and stationary fronts. Fronts are identified and named based on their motion.  For example, a cold front occurs when a colder air mass replaces a warmer air mass.  

In general, how do you find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the region bounded by given curves about a specific axis?

The general methods are the disk method and the shell method.

The disk method adds disks with the radius the height of the representative rectangle from the axis to the curve and height either dx or dy depending on the axis of revolution. If the solid has a hole the disk method can be extended as the washer method by subtracting the volume of the hole from the volume of the solid.

We can also extend the disk method if we know a formula for the cross section of the solid.

The shell method adds cylindrical shells whose volume is found by the product of the distance from the axis of rotation, the height of the function from the stationary axis, and the differential (either dx or dy depending on the axis of rotation.)

For the disk method the representative rectangle is perpendicular to the axis of rotation, while for the shell method the representative rectangle is parallel to the axis of rotation. Often one form is simpler than the other and therefore would be preferred.

An example of when the shell method might be preferred is when trying to find the volume of the solid formed by revolving the region bounded by the graphs of y=x^2+1, y=0,x=0, and x=1 about the y-axis.

Using the disk method requires two integrals (see attachment ), while the shell method only requires one integral (see attachment.)

Sometimes you are virtually forced to choose a particular method. For example, if the solid is formed by `y=x^3+x+1,y=1, "and " x=1 ` revolved about x=2 you will find that solving for x in terms of y is very difficult. So choose x as the variable of integration and use the shell method with a vertical representative rectangle.

The following sentence is ambiguous. Provide two explanations which illustrate the different meaning of the sentence. "They are visiting relatives."

The key word here is “visiting.” Is it used as a verb, or as an adjective?

If “visiting” is used as a verb in combination with the helping verb “are,” then this use is considered a progressive aspect of its form. The action is in progress. The visiting is going on right now. “They” refers to a group of people. This group happens to be in the process of visiting its relatives, somewhere. The implication...

The key word here is “visiting.” Is it used as a verb, or as an adjective?

If “visiting” is used as a verb in combination with the helping verb “are,” then this use is considered a progressive aspect of its form. The action is in progress. The visiting is going on right now. “They” refers to a group of people. This group happens to be in the process of visiting its relatives, somewhere. The implication is that at least a bit of traveling was involved in reaching the destination where these relatives live.

If “visiting” is used as an adjective, then it modifies the plural noun “relatives.” Now the main action switches to the other group mentioned in the sentence. “They” is a pronoun referring to the “visiting relatives.” The word “are” merely indicates a state of being. The sentence describes who these people are. They happen to be relatives who are visiting someone’s home. For how long, we don’t know.

What were some strategies used by the British in the Revolutionary War?

The British had several strategies during the Revolutionary War. One strategy was to blockade our coast. The British used their navy to prevent supplies and materials from entering and leaving the colonies. The British hoped this would weaken the colonies and make it harder for the colonists to be successful in the Revolutionary War.

The British also wanted to isolate the New England colonies from the rest of the colonies. The British planned to have...

The British had several strategies during the Revolutionary War. One strategy was to blockade our coast. The British used their navy to prevent supplies and materials from entering and leaving the colonies. The British hoped this would weaken the colonies and make it harder for the colonists to be successful in the Revolutionary War.

The British also wanted to isolate the New England colonies from the rest of the colonies. The British planned to have three of their armies meet near Albany, New York. The British hoped to defeat the colonial army and cut off the New England colonies from the rest of the colonies. Unfortunately for the British, this plan didn’t work for many reasons.

The British also wanted to move the fighting to the South after failing to isolate the New England colonies. The British knew there were more loyalists in the South. Thus, they would have more support. Plus, the British had to defend all of the colonial areas. Moving the fighting to the South was part of their strategy.

For a variety of reasons, the British strategies failed to work. Poor military leadership, foreign aid to the colonists, and a very determined colonial army were some of the reasons for the failure of the British strategies in the Revolutionary War.

Give an analysis of the short story "Sweat," by Zora Neale Hurston.

First, I would point out for a general discussion of the themes and symbolism of the story. To summarize:

1. The story is about the struggle between good and evil, God and Satan, as represented by Delia and Sykes. Delia’s church membership, Syke’s use of the serpent to scare Delia, and Delia’s belief that “Sometime or ruther, Sykes, like everybody else, is gointer reap his sowing" suggest that the story is a symbolic working out of this conflict in the context of a rural, Southern black community.


2. The story can also be read as a commentary on gender and power. Sykes’ power is based on his vanity: women have value determined by his sexual attraction to them. Delia’s “skinniness” is the excuse Sykes would use to run Delia out of her own home: he says to Bertha at one point, “Sho' you kin have dat lil' ole house soon's Ah kin git dat 'oman outa dere. Everything b'longs tuh me an' you sho' kin have it. Ah sho' 'bominates uh skinny 'oman. Lawdy, you sho' is got one portly shape on you! You kin git anything you wants. Dis is mah town an' you sho' kin have it." Delia’s power, on the other hand, comes from her hard work (the “sweat” of the title): this is how she is able to have the house, and support Sykes.  


3. 
   Another aspect of the story is race. Sykes’ distaste for Delia’s washing is due in part to it coming from the whites; Delia, for her part, looks to the whites as a kind of moral authority; at one point she says “Ah'm goin' tuh de white folks bout you, mah young man, de very nex' time you lay yo' han's on me,” a threat that seems to have an impact. There is a sense in which Delia’s work ethic aligns her with the values of white society, in opposition to the posturing of Sykes, but it is not clear that Delia’s working for the whites, while an “honest living,” can be considered a “good thing.”

The story problematizes both Sykes and Delia; Sykes is “bad,” no doubt, but Delia for her part does conquer her fear of snakes (and of Sykes) long enough to watch him die of snakebite. It is true that at the end she is liberated from him, but her own symbolic association with “goodness” and religious faith is called into question.

How is "The Tiger in the Tunnel" by Ruskin Bond a story of the extraordinary courage of an ordinary watchman?

The Tiger in the Tunnel is a story of extraordinary courage because it depicts the strength of human resolve in the face of extreme odds.

In the story, Baldeo is the night watchman at the signal station; his job is to light the signal lamp and to make sure that there are no obstructions in the tunnel to endanger the safe passage of the night train. Baldeo courageously performs his tasks without fear, despite the...

The Tiger in the Tunnel is a story of extraordinary courage because it depicts the strength of human resolve in the face of extreme odds.

In the story, Baldeo is the night watchman at the signal station; his job is to light the signal lamp and to make sure that there are no obstructions in the tunnel to endanger the safe passage of the night train. Baldeo courageously performs his tasks without fear, despite the presence of dangerous predators in the surrounding countryside.

Fearlessly, he ignores the rumors about a famous tunnel tiger, confident that he can rely on his trusty axe to defend himself. When he is eventually faced with the forbidding animal, Baldeo does not shrink from the task at hand. The author makes clear that the tiger is swifter on foot and far stronger; he depicts Baldeo as "puny" compared to the mighty animal. Yet, the author also describes Baldeo's determination to fight the tiger to the death, despite the incredible odds against him. In the end, despite Baldeo's brave stand, the tiger kills him. It is this indomitable courage in the face of terrible odds that makes The Tiger in the Tunnel a story of the extraordinary courage of an ordinary watchman.

What is F. Scott Fitzgerald's point of view concerning the American Dream as expressed in The Great Gatsby?

There are multiple ways that this question could be answered. From one perspective, it could be reasoned that Fitzgerald is condemning the American Dream entirely. Gatsby's idealization of Daisy is markedly similar to the ideals of the American Dream. Namely, an ideal of the American Dream is that anyone can achieve economic prosperity, regardless of background. Gatsby was born into a poor farming family in North Dakota. Daisy, on the other hand, was raised in...

There are multiple ways that this question could be answered. From one perspective, it could be reasoned that Fitzgerald is condemning the American Dream entirely. Gatsby's idealization of Daisy is markedly similar to the ideals of the American Dream. Namely, an ideal of the American Dream is that anyone can achieve economic prosperity, regardless of background. Gatsby was born into a poor farming family in North Dakota. Daisy, on the other hand, was raised in an wealthy family. It is no accident that Gatsby's idealization of Daisy and his consequent acquisition of wealth are interrelated, and it could be interpreted that Fitzgerald is using Daisy as a symbol to represent the monetary wealth that can be attained within the framework of the American Dream. If this is the case, then Fitzgerald is clearly critical of the idealistic nature of such a "Dream," for it ultimately consumes Gatsby's life completely and results in his premature death. Another character to consider is Tom Buchanan, a man who has already achieved the American Dream, but nevertheless seems very unhappy. Also consider Myrtle Wilson, George Wilson, or Nick Carraway. The fates of all these characters could be interpreted as representing the American Dream in some way. 

Does Goodman Brown really attend a witches' Sabbath or does he dream about it?

The short answer is this: we don't know for sure.  When Goodman Brown implores his wife, Faith, to "'Look up to Heaven, and resist the Wicked One!,'" he is snatched away from the scene.  He finds himself alone, in the woods; the night is calm and everything he'd seen and heard moments earlier has vanished.  The next morning, he walks back into Salem, looking around at everyone with suspicion, though they all act precisely as...

The short answer is this: we don't know for sure.  When Goodman Brown implores his wife, Faith, to "'Look up to Heaven, and resist the Wicked One!,'" he is snatched away from the scene.  He finds himself alone, in the woods; the night is calm and everything he'd seen and heard moments earlier has vanished.  The next morning, he walks back into Salem, looking around at everyone with suspicion, though they all act precisely as they had before he had seen them (or dreamed he saw them) in the forest.  The narrator asks, "Had Goodman Brown fallen asleep in the forest, and only dreamed a wild dream of a witch-meeting?"  However, the narrator seems to imply that it really doesn't matter because, even if the Sabbath wasn't real, Brown believes that it was, and he is profoundly and negatively affected by it for the rest of his life.  He no longer takes pleasure in his wife, Faith, and he avoids her as much as he can.  Brown can never trust anyone again, and he has -- figuratively -- lost his faith, and so "his dying hour was gloom."

In "The Tiger in the Tunnel," why was Baldeo uneasy?

One reason why Baldeo is uneasy is because of what he might encounter in the jungle.

Baldeo sets out for the railway station late at night. As he walks through the jungle, the forest creatures are the only things that can be heard. Accordingly, the thoughts of the creatures he might have to confront triggers his uneasiness:

The eeriness of the place was increased by the neighbouring hills which overhung the main line threateningly. On entering...

One reason why Baldeo is uneasy is because of what he might encounter in the jungle.

Baldeo sets out for the railway station late at night. As he walks through the jungle, the forest creatures are the only things that can be heard. Accordingly, the thoughts of the creatures he might have to confront triggers his uneasiness:

The eeriness of the place was increased by the neighbouring hills which overhung the main line threateningly. On entering the cutting with its sheer rock walls towering high above the rails, Baldeo could not help thinking about the wild animals he might encounter.

Baldeo is uneasy because he does not know what is out there in the vast darkness.  He walks to his night job alone, and there is no one else around to dispel his uncertain thoughts.  These ideas drift to what might be waiting for him in the dark jungle.  Baldeo's uneasiness is further amplified when he thinks about "the man-eating tiger" that roams in the jungle.  Baldeo does not know what is out there, but he knows that what is there will not friendly to him.  He knows that "there is no shelter" when he is amongst the natural elements.  This lack of certainty causes Baldeo's uneasiness.