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How there could have been a tradition of the Church before there was a New Testament?

The evolution of Christianity was a complex process. Although one could argue that it began with Jesus and his followers, another way to think about Christianity as an organized religion is to date its foundation from the death of Jesus, when various of his followers needed some organized way to propagate his message. If you read the letters of St. Paul, which are now part of the New Testament, you can see that there were various Christian communities in existence before Paul began his mission. In fact, many of the letters and travels of Paul have as their purpose communicating with such communities which had been founded by various other disciples or traveling missionaries.

These early converts and teachers relied on orally transmitted traditions, including stories and sayings, handed down orally from teacher to pupil and missionary to convert, many of whom may have been illiterate (note that literacy was restricted mainly to upper class men in this period). These Christian communities, who practiced baptism and celebrated the Eucharist, constituted the Church, and while they had many oral traditions and perhaps some written narratives or collections of the sayings of Jesus, their traditions existed long before the New Testament was assembled into its current form (a process that was not completed until the second century), and before the Gospels as we know them were written down. In fact, the four Gospels probably reflect four slightly different church traditions.

How is Atticus a good role model in To Kill a Mockingbird? (I need a little help writing an introduction and a conclusion about this)

Atticus is a good role model because he consistently is considerate of other people's feelings, he is polite and level-headed, and he is non-judgmental, ethical and professional.

Considerate of others

--In Chapter 1 Atticus scolds the children for "putting his [Boo Radley's] life's history on display for the edification of the neighborhood." He tells them to leave the Radleys alone, issuing a stern lecture on propriety.

--In Chapter 3 when Walter Cunningham is invited to have lunch with the Finches, Atticus talks with Walter and treats him as a guest in his home. After Scout makes a critical remark about Walter's pouring syrup on his food, Calpurnia takes her to the kitchen and scolds her. Later, Atticus counsels Scout about getting along with other people. He tells her that to better understand people, she should

"...consider things from his point of view--...until you climb into his skin and walk around in it."

Rather than selfishly viewing people from one's own emotional perspective, Atticus suggests that people should try to perceive what others do from their perspectives. In this way, people can better understand others.

Polite and level-headed

--In Chapter 11, despite Mrs. Dubose's rude and cruel remarks directed at his children and the invectives about himself, Atticus remains sanguine whenever he sees Mrs. Dubose on her porch as he walks home. He tips his hat and addresses her politely in his understanding of her medical condition. And, he insists that Jem repay Mrs. Dubose for his retaliatory destruction of her camellias.

--In Chapter 15 when the men come to his house and when the mob accosts Atticus at the jailhouse, he remains calm and rational. As Mr. Cunningham tells Atticus to move away from the door of the jail, adding, "You know what we want....," Atticus calmly says, "You can turn around and go home again, Walter."

--In Chapters 17 and 18, Atticus acts professionally and is courteous toward Bob and Mayella Ewell even though he knows that they commit perjury with their false testimony about what supposedly happened with Tom Robinson.
In her ignorance Mayella accuses Atticus of giving her "sass," Judge Taylor corrects her,

"...Mr. Finch is always courteous to everybody. He's not trying to mock you, he's trying to be polite."

Non-judgmental, ethical and professional

--Atticus does not pass judgment upon people. Regarding Mrs. Dubose, he says,

"She had her own view about things, a lot different from mine, maybe..."

Despite all the backlash from his community, Atticus accepts his responsibility to defend Tom Robinson. He tells his brother that he must be ethical and set an example for his children,

But do you think I could face my children otherwise? You know what's going to happen as I do, Jack, and I hope and pray I can get Jem and Scout through it without bitterness, and most of all, without catching Maycomb's usual disease.

Atticus treats everyone fairly and is respectful of all. When Tom Robinson dies, he personally goes to the Robinson home to console Helen, the wife of Tom.
Even when Bob Ewell spits in his face, Atticus behaves with professionalism.

___________________

With regard to an introduction, the student can introduce Atticus with a short description and a relevant quotation about him. The introductory paragraph begins with the motivator (the description and quote) and has as its last sentence the thesis statement which can be constructed from the three major points given.
Regarding the conclusion, there should be a reworded thesis, a short summation, and a "clincher," a final sentence which gives the essay a sense of finality. This is a sentence that leaves no doubt in the reader's mind that the essay is at its end (maybe something about Atticus Finch being a man for all times).

In Chapter I of The Great Gatsby, what gossip about Nick does Daisy mention? Is it true?

In Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, as Nick is leaving Tom and Daisy Buchanan's house after their "reunion," Daisy stops Nick as he is starting his car to drive away, and asks him about a rumor she and Tom had heard, that Nick was "'engaged to a girl out West'" (Fitzgerald 24). Nick somewhat jokingly denies it, but Daisy persists, saying she had had confirmation from three different people. Nick shares with the reader that there had been a "someone," but no relationship rising to the level of an engagement. And he also shares that he had fled east because the rumors interfered with the relationship, an "old friend" (25), he says, whom he has no intention of marrying. Nick is apparently looking forward to sowing some wild oats in the east, and we see in the first chapter that Jordan Baker has caught his eye. But he says nothing of the underlying truth of the rumors to either Daisy or to Tom.

A new business graduate has been given the task of determining the best production quantity for a new product that will be produced on a new...

The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) is the optimal solution for how much product to order, assuming that you are buying from a vendor and all orders will be filled completely and immediately. For producing a product, the optimal solution would actually be the Economic Production Quantity (EPQ), but in this case we couldn't determine that because we didn't know the production rate.

For an order/setup cost of K, a demand rate of D, a holding cost of F, and a production rate of P, these are the equations for each quantity:

EOQ = sqrt(2DK/F)

EPQ = sqrt(2DK/(F(1-D/P))

Thus, the two quantities differ only by a ratio of 1/sqrt(1-D/P). We are given that the demand rate is 80% of the production rate, so D/P = 0.8, and 1/sqrt(1-D/P) = 2.24.

Therefore, we are not holding enough of the product, by a factor of 2.24. In other words, we are only holding 44.7% of the quantity we should be. This is because the production rate is only slightly faster than the demand rate, so we can barely keep up with demand if we don't hold onto inventory and thus end up incurring a lot of per-run costs by doing so many different production runs.

The sensitivity analysis formula says that the ratio in average cost between the actual production and the optimal production is, for actual quantity Q and optimal quantity Q*, the average of their ratios:

AC(Q)/AC(Q*) = 1/2 * (Q/Q* + Q*/Q)

Since Q/Q* = 2.24 and Q*/Q = 0.447, we just substitute in:

AC(Q)/AC(Q*) = 1/2 (2.24 + 0.447) = 1.3435

So, we are paying 34% more than we should be.

Still, I think the consultant can make a good case that the EOQ was a reasonable choice; it would be the best choice if production rate is much higher than demand rate, and even in this particular case it was not wildly wrong. The employer, on the other hand, might argue that they should have made some ballpark assumption for the production rate and gone with that, say assume that D/P = 0.5; because effectively using the EOQ assumes D/P = 0, which is obviously not realistic.

What are some symbols in the book Shoeless Joe by W. P. Kinsella?

The field that Ray builds is a symbol in itself. Ray first describes "coddling that field like a child" (page 8). The field is the repository of dreams, and Ray builds it and nurses it like it is a child. Eventually, the field becomes magic when "Shoeless" Joe Jackson shows up. Then, the field is described as "soft as a child's breath," while "moonlight butters the whole Iowa night" (page 13). The field, a shabby...

Ray's farm is also a symbol. Ray describes it in the following way: "All around me the clean smell of earth and water. Keeping my hands buried I stirred the earth with my fingers and I knew I loved Iowa as much as man could love a piece of earth" (page 16). He describes this experience as having "religious significance." The farm stands for earthly things that can also become magical. Many aspects of nature also take on magical symbolism in the book. Ray describes the stars as acting in a magical way: "I swear the stars have moved in close enough to eavesdrop" (page 19). Nature is alive in the book, and the stars are also symbols of this type of magic.

What is the significance of the title of the poem ''Kubla Khan''?

The title of the poem, the alliterative name of a Chinese ruler, immediately establishes a connection with the Orient. As Edward Said argued in his book Orientalism, in the eyes of the western world, the Orient was not a real place but a mental construct that lumped dozens of disparate and geographically widespread cultures under one name and characterized them in opposition to the West. If the West was supposed to be the place of rationality, masculinity, concreteness, adulthood and practicality, the "Orient" was the land of enchantment, exoticism and dreams.

Coleridge, an opium addict, insisted his poem arose from a dream. The poem reflects a Westerner's fantasy of the "Orient" as sensuous dreamscape: it is not about the ruler Kubla Khan, per se, but about the imagined landscape he inhabits: his pleasure dome, the scent of his "incense-bearing tree," "A Savage place!" both "holy and enchanted," inhabited by a "damsel with a dulcimer," where a waterfall crashes into the sea, a place both alluring and dangerous ("Beware"). The title thus signals the move from the rational world of the West into the dreamscape of the Other.

Should the governor have more power? What additional powers should the governor have? How would you give them to him or her?

Just as the federal government is split into three branches, state government is divided into a judicial branch, legislative branch, and executive branch. The legislative branch passes laws, the judicial branch interprets laws, and the executive branch carries out laws. At the state level, the governor represents the executive branch and is responsible for carrying out laws.

The governor's responsibilities include signing laws passed by the state legislature, serving as commander in chief of the...

The governor's responsibilities include signing laws passed by the state legislature, serving as commander in chief of the state's military forces (if they have any), convening the state legislature for special purposes, delivering an annual State of the State address (similar to the President's State of the Union Address), providing the state legislature with a recommended annual budget for their approval, granting pardons to state prisoners, and declaring special elections to fill vacant positions in state government.

The question asks what powers you would give the governor in addition to those that they already have. This would mean taking powers that are otherwise granted to the state legislature and judiciary or the federal government and giving them to the governor. It requires you to first consider whether you think that the governor currently has enough power. If you believe that the governor should have additional powers, you then must consider what those would be.

If you feel that the governor should have greater power to interpret the law, then you would remove power that is currently vested in the judiciary and give it to the governor. If you feel that the governor should have greater law making power, you would take power from the legislature and give it to the executive.

My suggestion is to look at your specific state and see what specific powers are vested in the judiciary and legislature (specifically those belonging to the state house of representatives and state senate individually) before answering the question. At that point, you will have a better idea which specific responsibilities other branches of government have that you feel should be given to the governor.